设计意图这一组习题的设计,让每位学生都参与,通过学生的主动参与,让每一位学生有“用武之地”,深刻体会本节课的重要内容和思想方法,体验学习数学的乐趣,增强学习数学的愿望与信心。4.回顾反思,拓展延伸(教师活动)引导学生进行课堂小结,给出下列提纲,并就学生回答进行点评。(1)通过本节课的学习,你学会了哪些判断直线与圆位置关系的方法?(2)本节课你还有哪些问题?(学生活动)学生发言,互相补充。(教师活动)布置作业(1)书面作业:P70练习8.4.41、2题(2)实践调查:寻找圆与直线的关系在生活中的应用。设计意图通过让学生课本上的作业设置,基于本节课内容和学生的实际,对课后的书面作业分为三个层次,分别安排了基础巩固题、理解题和拓展探究题。使学生完成基本学习任务的同时,在知识拓展时起激学生探究的热情,让每一个不同层次的学生都可以获得成功的喜悦。
(一)情境导入以鲜明的色彩、生动的画面演绎激光从地球发送到月球的全过程,既引出了学过的线段,又激发学生探究新知的欲望。(二) 质疑探究在讲授新课的过程中,我选择了多媒体的教学手段。这些教学手段的运用可以使抽象的知识具体化,枯燥的知识生动化,乏味的知识兴趣化。1、认识线段。通过多媒体演绎,使学生对于抽象的“线段”的认识建立在具体的生活模型基础上,有助于学生认识图形特征,形成表象,感受生活中处处有数学。这一环节主要引导学生回顾所学的线段知识,通过画图、说特征、举例子、讲授字母表示法这一系列活动,使学生进一步认识线段。2、 认识射线。多媒体课件形象、生动地演示了激光在宇宙中不断延长,再延长,通过直观感知,在头脑中建立“无限延长”的表象,帮助学生理解“无限延长”的含义。通过教师引导和小组合作,共同学习射线的画法、特征及字母表示法,进而把所学知识还原到生活当中,让学生明确数学与生活紧密联系。
让学生通过观察和比较,明确连接两点的线段的长度叫做这两点间的距离,两点间的所有连线中线段的长度最短,进一步提升了学生的认识。二、认识角1、认识角的特征。谈话:通过一点,可以画无数条直线。那么通过一点,可以画多少条射线呢?(无数条)操作:请你从一点起,在练习纸上画出两条射线?提问:从一点起画两条射线,组成的图形叫什么?(板书:角)谈话:想一想,刚才我们是怎样画出角的?什么样的图形是角?(从一点引出两条射线所组成的图形是角)请一个学生上黑板画角,其余学生再画一个与前面不同的角,并和同学说说自己画的步骤。归纳:由一点引出的两条射线所组成的图形就是角。2.认识角的符号和各部分的名称。谈话:我们在二年级已经初步认识了角,通过今天的学习,我们将进一步加深对角的认识。请同学们打开课本第17页,自学例2,并和小组里的同学说一说你又了解了哪些有关角的知识。
1.整理用字母表示数。(1)梳理知识:用字母表示数量关系:师:用字母可以表示什么?生:用字母表示运算定律用字母表示计算公式用字母表示计算方法师:你能举例说明吗?生:字母表示 数量关系路程=速度×时间 s=vt总价=单价×数量 c=an工作总量=工作效率×工作时间 c=at(2)字母表示计算方法:+=(3)用字母表示计算公式。师:用字母可以表示哪些平面图形的计算公式生:长方形 周长 c=(a+b) ×2 面积:s=ab 正方形 周长 c=4a 面积:s=a2 平行四边形 面积 s =ah三角形 面积 s=ah¸2 梯形 面积 s=(a+b)·h¸2 圆 周长c=πd=2πr 面积 s=πr2(4)用字母表示运算定律加法交换律 a+b=b+a 加法结合律 (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)乘法交换律 a×b=b×a乘法结合律 (a×b)×c=a×(b×c)乘法分配律 (a+b)×c=a×c+b×c2.在一个含有字母的式子里,数与字母、字母与字母相乘,书写时应注意的问题。师:在一个含有字母的式子里,数与字母、字母与字母相乘,书写时应注意什么?生交流:(1)在含有字母的式子里,数和字母中间的乘号可以用“?”代替,也可以省略不写。(2)省略乘号时,应当把数写在字母的前面。(3)数与数之间的乘号不能省略。加号、减号、除号都不能省略。3. 典题训练(1)填一填。①李奶奶家本月用电a千瓦时,比上个月多用10千瓦时,上个月用电( )千瓦时。②如果每千瓦时电的价格是c元,李奶奶家本月的电费是( )元。李奶奶家银行缴费卡上原有215元,扣除本月电费后,还剩( )元。③小明今年m 岁,妈妈的岁数比她的3倍少6岁。妈妈的岁数是( )岁。如果m=12,妈妈今年是( )岁。④三个连续的自然数,最大的一个是n,那么最小的一个数是( )。(2)连 一 连。比a多3的数 a3比a少3的数 3a3个a相加的和 a+33个a相乘的积 a-3a的3倍 a的
二、说教学目标知识与技能:初步理解“方程的解”和“解方程”的含义,以及之间的联系和区别。能用等式的性质解形如X±a=b的方程,掌握解方程的格式和写法。初步学会检验某个数是否是方程的解,培养学生检验的习惯,提高计算能力。过程和方法:通过探索、讨论、交流等活动,让学生初步理解“方程的解”和“解方程”的概念。经历运用等式的性质探究方程解法的过程,体会方程的解法和等式的性质之间的联系。情感、态度与价值观:1. 学生能积极参与数学学习活动,对数学有好奇心和求知欲。2. 在观察、猜想、验证等数学活动中,培养学生的数学素养。重点:方程的解和解方程的概念,初步掌握用等式性质来解简易方程的方法。难点:区别方程的解和解方程的含义。解方程的算理。三、说教法与学法教法:新课标指出,教师是学习的组织者、引导者、合作者,充分发挥学生的主体性。根据这一理念,我在教学中通过观察、猜想、验证等方式,自主探索、自主学习。有目的地运用知识迁移的规律,引导学生进行观察、比较、分析、概括,培养学生的逻辑思维能力。学法:①让学生学会以旧引新,掌握并运用知识迁移进行学习的方法;②让学生学会自主发现问题,分析问题,解决问题的方法。
解析:可以根据线段的定义写出所有的线段即可得解;也可以先找出端点的个数,然后利用公式n(n-1)2进行计算.方法一:图中线段有:AB、AC、AD、AE、BC、BD、BE、CD、CE、DE;共4+3+2+1=10条;方法二:共有A、B、C、D、E五个端点,则线段的条数为5×(5-1)2=10条.故选C.方法总结:找线段时要按照一定的顺序做到不重不漏,若利用公式计算时则更加简便准确.【类型四】 线段、射线和直线的应用由郑州到北京的某一次往返列车,运行途中停靠的车站依次是:郑州——开封——商丘——菏泽——聊城——任丘——北京,那么要为这次列车制作的火车票有()A.6种 B.12种C.21种 D.42种解析:从郑州出发要经过6个车站,所以要制作6种车票;从开封出发要经过5个车站,所以要制作5种车票;从商丘出发要经过4个车站,所以要制作4种车票;从菏泽出发要经过3个车站,所以要制作3种车票;从聊城出发要经过2个车站,所以要制作2种车票;从任丘出发要经过1个车站,所以要制作1种车票.再考虑是往返列车,起点与终点不同,则车票不同,乘以2即可.即共需制作的车票数为:2×(6+5+4+3+2+1)=2×21=42种.故选D.
【类型三】 分式方程无解,求字母的值若关于x的分式方程2x-2+mxx2-4=3x+2无解,求m的值.解析:先把分式方程化为整式方程,再分两种情况讨论求解:一元一次方程无解与分式方程有增根.解:方程两边都乘以(x+2)(x-2),得2(x+2)+mx=3(x-2),即(m-1)x=-10.①当m-1=0时,此方程无解,此时m=1;②方程有增根,则x=2或x=-2,当x=2时,代入(m-1)x=-10得(m-1)×2=-10,m=-4;当x=-2时,代入(m-1)x=-10得(m-1)×(-2)=-10,解得m=6,∴m的值是1,-4或6.方法总结:分式方程无解与分式方程有增根所表达的意义是不一样的.分式方程有增根仅仅针对使最简公分母为0的数,分式方程无解不但包括使最简公分母为0的数,而且还包括分式方程化为整式方程后,使整式方程无解的数.三、板书设计1.分式方程的解法方程两边同乘以最简公分母,化为整式方程求解,再检验.2.分式方程的增根(1)解分式方程为什么会产生增根;(2)分式方程检验的方法.
解:(1)设第一次购买的单价为x元,则第二次的单价为1.1x元,根据题意得14521.1x-1200x=20,解得x=6.经检验,x=6是原方程的解.(2)第一次购买水果1200÷6=200(千克).第二次购买水果200+20=220(千克).第一次赚钱为200×(8-6)=400(元),第二次赚钱为100×(9-6.6)+120×(9×0.5-6.6)=-12(元).所以两次共赚钱400-12=388(元).答:第一次水果的进价为每千克6元;该老板两次卖水果总体上是赚钱了,共赚了388元.方法总结:本题具有一定的综合性,应该把问题分解成购买水果和卖水果两部分分别考虑,掌握这次活动的流程.三、板书设计列分式方程解应用题的一般步骤是:第一步,审清题意;第二步,根据题意设未知数;第三步,根据题目中的数量关系列出式子,并找准等量关系,列出方程;第四步,解方程,并验根,还要看方程的解是否符合题意;最后作答.
二、探究交流,引导概括 —— 方程为了培养学生的发现和抽象概括能力,同时进一步理解方程的意义,我让学生分组学习,引导他们先找出②20+χ=100,⑥ 3χ=180,⑧100+2χ=3×50像上面三臄等式的有共同特征,然后归纳概括什么叫做方程?最后得出:像这样的含有未知数的等式,叫做方程。三、讨论比较,辨析、概念 —— 等式与方程的关系为了体现学生的主体性,培养学生的合作意识,同时让学生在解决问题的过程中得到创造的乐趣。通过四人合作用自己的方法创作 “ 方程 ” 与 “ 等式 ” 的关系图,并用自己的话说一说 “ 等式 ” 与 “ 方程 ” 的关系:方程一定是等式,但等式不一定是方程。四、巩固深化,拓展思维 —— 练习1 、“做一做”:2、判断是否方程3、“方程一定是等式,等式也一定是方程”这句话对吗?4、叫学生用图来表示等式和方程的关系。
本板块的活动主题是“谈论节日活动”(Talk about festival activities),主要是从贴近学生日常生活的角度来切入“节日”主题。学生会听到发生在三个国家不同节日场景下的简短对话,对话中的人们正在参与或将要亲历不同的庆祝活动。随着全球化的进程加速,国际交流日益频繁,无论是国人走出国门还是外国友人访问中国,都已成为司空见惯的事情。因此,该板块所选取的三个典型节日场景都是属于跨文化交际语境,不仅每组对话中的人物来自不同的文化背景,对话者的身份和关系也不尽相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过说话人所表达的内容、说话的语气、语调等来判断其态度和情绪;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对具体的道德困境发表自己的看法和见解,能否掌握听力理训练中的听力策略。
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
(六)当堂达标(练习二、三 10分钟)练习二让学生口答,通过练习,巩固学生对直线、射线、线段表示方法的掌握。练习三让学生去黑板板演,教师检验对错并重点强调几何语言的表述。文字语言和图形语言之间的转化是难点,着重练习文字语言向图形语言的转化,提高几何语言的理解与运用能力。当堂达标是检查学习效果、巩固知识、提高能力的重要手段。通过练习,学生会体验到收获和成功,发现存在的不足,教师也及时获得信息反馈,以便课下查漏补缺。 (七)小结(3分钟)教师提问“这节课我们学了哪些知识?”请学生回答,教师做适当补充。课堂小结对一节课起着“画龙点晴”的作用,它能体现一节课所讲的知识和数学思想。因此,在小结时,教师引导学生概括本节内容的重点。
(1) 你是用什么方法解方程的?要求学生独立完成。请一位同学在黑板上计算。学生交流:等式的两边同时加上同一个数,等式仍然成立。也就是方程 x-9=15的两边同时加上9,抵消掉等式左边的9,这样等式的左边只剩下x。(2) 你会检验方程的解是否正确吗?指导学生把方程的解代入方程进行检验。2.出示:64页第2题的第2小题。提问:你是根据哪个等量关系列出方程的?(1) 标准体重+超出标准的重量=胖胖的体重(2) 标准体重-低于标准的重量=小明的体重提问:他们标准体重的计算方法有什么不同?学生交流:一个是等式两边同时减去同一个数,一个是等式两边同时加上同一个数。三、拓宽应用。1.解方程:x-5.3=10 75-x=402.65页第4题提问:你是怎样选出各方程的解的?把未知数的值代入方程,看看左右是否相等。3.65页第5题提示学生认真读题,注意选择题中所给出的条件是否有用。
2. 教材分析这节课的教学是学生在掌握行程问题基本数量关系的基础上进行的,本课教材给学生提供了“骑车”的情境,通过简单的路线图等方式呈现了速度路程等信息。然后要求学生根据这些信息去解决2个问题:①让学生根据两辆车的速度信息进行估计,在哪个地方相遇。②用方程解决相遇问题中求相遇时间的问题。3. 学情分析学生已经在三年级接触了简单的行程问题,四年级上册,学生就真正的开始学习速度、时间、路程之间的关系,并用三者的数量关系来解决行程问题。而本节课正是运用这些学生已有的知识基础和生活经验进行相遇问题的探究。4、教学目标从知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观的三维目标出发,制定了以下的目标:①使学生理解相遇问题的意义及特点。②经历解决问题的过程,提高收集信息、处理信息和建立模型的能力。③会分析简单实际问题中的数量关系,提高用方程解决简单的实际问题的能力。
这节课的教学内容是九年义务教育六年制小学教科书数学第九册,P117——P119页复习、例1、例2、解方程的一般步骤、想一想、做一做及P120页T1-4。教学目的有以下三点:1、使学生掌握列方程解两步应用题的方法。2、总结列方程解应用题的一般步骤。3、培养学生分析数量关系的能力,提高学生在列方程解应用题时分析等理关系的能力。教学重点:分析应用题里的等量关系,会列方程解应用题。教学难点:分析应用题里的等量关系。教具准备:小黑板、写好题目的纸条等。这节课在学生已有的解方程、分析应用题数量关系等知识的基础上进行教学,使学生掌握列方程解应用题的方法,为以后学习更深入的知识打下基础,同时培养学生积极思考问题,热爱自然科学的品质。
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法;能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题,进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节,从而了解文章的层次结构;4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亚州的历史,体会多元文化对美国的影响。