1.导入新课:通过视频“阿根廷的潘帕斯草原”,引起学生的兴趣,进而引出新的学习内容——以畜牧业为主的农业地域类型。2.新课讲授:第一课时,首先通过展示“世界大牧场放牧业分布图”,引出对大牧场放牧业的初步认识,了解其分布范围;然后通过展示“潘帕斯草原的地形图”“气候图”和“牧牛业景观图”,讨论分析大牧场放牧业形成的区位条件,并进行案例分析,学习该种农业的特点;最后,理论联系实际,展示:“中国地形图”“气候图”“人口图”“交通图”和“内蒙古牧区图”,分组讨论我国内蒙古地区能否采用潘帕斯草原大牧场放牧业的生产模式。第二课时,首先通过设问顺利从大牧场放牧业转入乳蓄业,通过讲述让学生了解乳蓄业的概念;然后通过展示世界乳畜业分布图,了解乳蓄业主要分布在哪些地区;接着,通过西欧乳蓄业的案例分析,得到乳蓄业发展的区位因素及其特点。
【教学目标】知识与技能:了解我国不同等级城市的划分,并理论联系实际辨别现实社会的城市等级运用有关原理,说明不同等级城市服务范围的差异。了解城市服务范围与地理位置的关系。掌握不同等级城市的分布特点了解称城市六边形理论,并能用其解释荷兰圩田居民点设置问题过程与方法:通过对枣强镇及上海城市等级演化分布的学习,掌握不同等级城市城市服务范围与功能以及城市等级提高的基本条件通过对德国城市分布案例的学习,总结归纳出不同等级城市分布规律通过城市六边形理论的学习,学会分析城市居民点布局等现实问题情感态度与价值观:通过学生对我国不同等级城市(经济、人口、交通、服务种类)等相关资料的搜集,让学生关心我国基本地理国情,增强热爱祖国的情感。养成求真、求实的科学态度,提高地理审美情趣。
本节课标解读:1.说明以种植业为主的农业地域类型的形成条件及特点;2.说出商品谷物农业的分布范围,说明商品谷物农业的形成条件及特点。内容地位与作用:农业是受自然环境影响最大的产业。农业是发展历史最悠久的产业,随着社会的发展和进步,社会环境对农业的影响越来越大。以季风水田农业为主的农业地域类型,主要体现自然环境对农业地域形成的影响;商品谷物农业则体现了社会环境对农业地域形成的影响。本节内容包括两部分内容,一个是季风水田农业,主要分布在亚洲季风区;一个是商品谷物农业,主要分布在发达国家。教材文字内容不多,配备了大量的地图和景观图。因此,在教学过程中要充分组织学生查阅地图,挖掘地理信息,培养分析能力。分析农业区位因素时,必须从自然因素和社会经济因素两个方面去分析,找出优势区位因素来。
在这段教学中可以插入世界主要铁矿、煤矿,以及我国主要的矿产基地、钢铁生产基地的相关内容,不失为区域地理知识的很好补充和巩固。那么从现状来看我国的钢铁产业基地多数污染较为严重,可见工业区位的选择同样要顾及到环境的因素,由此引入下一部分的内容。除了传统意义上的工业区位因素外,环境、政策以及决策者的理念和心理等日益受到人们的关注。在这段文字的处理上,只需进行概念、道理上的陈述即可,重点要放在污染工业在城市中的布局这一知识点上。首先要了解什么工业会造成怎样的污染,然后根据污染的类别分别讲解不同的应对方略,最后将配以适当的例题以期提高学生的整体把握程度和综合运用能力。最后将对本节内容进行小结,要在小结中阐述清楚本节课的两大内容:即工业的区位因素和工业区位的选择。然后点明本节课的主要知识点、难点、重点。在时间允许的情况下可以适当安排几道有关主导产业和城市工业布局的例题加以练习。
1、《战后资本主义世界经济体系的形成》是人教版高中历史必修Ⅱ第八单元第22课,学时为1课时。《历史必修Ⅱ》一书用古今贯通、中外关联的八个专题来着重反映人类社会经济和社会生活领域发展进程中的重要史实。从第一单元勾勒“古代中国经济的基本结构与特点”再到第八单元“世界经济的全球化趋势”,以历史唯物主义观点清晰阐明经济全球化是世界生产力发展的要求和结果,是不以人的意志为转移的历史必然趋势。第八单元的标题是《世界经济的全球化趋势》,作为最后一单元,从内容上讲,有强烈的时代感和现实意义,是全书内容的总结与升华展望。提起“全球化”这个十年前才首次出现在美国《商业周刊》的新名词,如今却是地球人都知道了。然而究竟什么是全球化?作为一历史现象,全球化有其自身内部严密完整的体系,其中核心之一便是制度、规则的全球化,而这正是本课内容的着力点。
一、教材分析下面我来谈一谈对教材的认识:主要从教材的地位和作用、以及在此基础上确立的教学目标、教学重难点这三个方面来谈。首先,来谈教材的地位和作用:本课教材内容主要从三个方面向学生介绍了现代中国教育的发展状况和趋势:人民教育的奠基、动乱中的教育和教育的复兴,全面讲述了新中国教育的三个阶段。本课是文化史中中国史部分的最后一课, 也是必修三册书中唯一涉及教育的一课。而教育是思想文化史中的重要组成部分,江泽民同志在谈到教育的时候曾经说过,“百年大计,教育为本。教育为本,在于育人”。教育是关系国计民生的大事。学生通过学习新中国教育发展的史实,理解“科教兴国”、“国运兴衰,系于教育”的深刻含义。最终由此激发学生树立“知识改变命运、读书成就人生”的信念,树立勤奋学习、成人成才、报效祖国、服务社会的崇高理想。故本课的教学有极大的现实意义。谈完了教材的地位和作用,我再分析一下教学目标:
教学过程:(一)导入:课前放《爱的奉献》歌曲,同时不断播放一些有关“爱”的主题的图片,渲染一种情感氛围。师说:同学们,谁能说说这组图片的主题应该是什么?生(七嘴八舌):母爱,不对是亲情……是友情、还有人与人互相帮助……那组军人图片是说保卫国家,应该是爱国……那徐本禹和感动中国呢?…………生答:是关于爱的方面师说:不错,是关于爱的方面。那么同学们,今天就以“爱的奉献”为话题,来写一篇议论文如何?生答:老师,还是写记叙文吧。生答:就是,要不议论文写出来也象记叙文。师问:为什么?生答:老师,这个话题太有话说了,一举例子就收不住了,怎么看怎么象记叙文。生答:就是,再用一点形容词,就更象了。众人乐。师说:那么同学们谁能告诉我,为什么会出现这种问题?一生小声说:还不是我们笨,不会写。师说:不是笨,也不是不会写,你们想为什么记叙文就会写,一到议论文就不会了,那是因为同学们没有明白议论文中的记叙与记叙文中的记叙有什么不同,所以一写起议论文中的记叙,还是按照记叙文的写法写作,这自然就不行了。那好,今天我们就从如何写议论文中的记叙讲起。
四.设计反思我在设计本课时,希望通过情境的创设充分再现历史,并利用多媒体辅助教学,破重点、化难点,让学生主动参与到学习过程中,从而突破狭小的教室空间,让学生真正做到感知历史,立足现实,展望未来。自主,交流、合作、探究是课程改革中着力倡导的新型学习方式。课堂教学中如何开展小组合作的探究学习存在着很多困难,首先是课堂教学时间有限,如何体现面向全体,给每个学生以机会?再次,历史问题的讨论只能依托于史料才能使讨论不沦为空谈,课堂上通过网络提供大量的史料(文字、图片或其他),势必不能有充分时间让学生阅读分析。如何解决这些问题呢?措施一:要形成较固定的历史学习合作小组。选定一位同学担任组长,负责协调措施二:要设置有利于学生探究的问题情境措施三:要把课堂教学与课外学习结合起来。在课前就印发相关的材料,或引导学生去查阅相关的资料,让学生有个充分的阅读、思考、交流的时间,是保证课堂上小组交流能成功实现的一个前提
一、说教材(一)、教材内容《古代中国的发明和发现》是人教版高中历史必修三第三单元第一课内容,本课教材主要从五个方面的典型事例向学生介绍了古代中国几千年的科技成就。本课一方面展示了古代中国人民的勤劳智慧以及对世界文明发展作出的巨大贡献,另一方面也提出了一个重大问题引起学生的思考,即造成中国科技在近代落后的原因是什么。此外、本课在教材中具有承上启下的地位和作用,前承中国传统文化主流思想,后启现代中国科学技术的发展。根据课标要求和教材内容,我将本课的三维目标确定如下:(三)教学目标(1)知识与能力:掌握中国古代科技进步的基础知识,特别是四大发明。认识古代中国四大发明对世界文明发展的贡献,以及取得重大成就的原因。⑵过程与方法:通过指导学生课前阅读课本,在课堂上进行问题探究、实验体验以及历史比较,学会总结归纳。
3、评:以评促行。(6分钟)高中生的年龄特点决定了他们非常重视别人对自己的评价,渴望得到他人的肯定与鼓励。(所以我在班上组织一个活动:让同学们评选出班上“讲文明懂礼貌的文明之星”、“勤思考善创新的学习之星”(先让同学推举大家都认同的4位同学,然后对他们进行投票,投票结果将在下堂课上公布)以此活动来激发同学们用实际行动做民族精神的践行者和传播者。)4、唱:以情激行。(2分钟)在课程内容讲授结完毕后,组织全班同学跟着音乐高唱孙楠的《红旗飘飘》,生化情感,激发同学们的爱国情感。五、课堂拓展(请同学们各展才华:课后让同学们各自准备一个项目以体现民族精神。(项目形式是:或作文、书画;或剪纸、或歌曲小品)……让同学们用实际行动祝愿我们伟大的祖国更加繁荣昌盛!让我们的民族精神代代相传!)
环节三:多媒体继续展示石窟艺术、民族文学等,学生在感受少数民族文化成就的过程中不难得出结论:各民族文化都为中华文化作出了重要贡献,都是中华民族的骄傲。由此进入第三目“中华之瑰宝,民族之骄傲”。各族人民对中华文化的认同感和归属感,显示了中华民族厚重的文化底蕴和强大的民族凝聚力。环节四:合作探究中华文化博大精深的原因。学生调动已有历史知识储备和课前搜集的材料分组交流:历史上在思想文化方面,对诸家学说所采取的兼收并蓄的学术主张;中国文化长期吸收周边少数民族的哪些优秀文明;在对待外域文化上,中华民族是否敞开博大胸怀扬弃吸收。2、从现代找出能充分体现中华民族的文化开放心态和中华文化非凡融合力的例子。这样可增添几分时代气息,更好地服务于当下实践。
一、教材分析文化市场和大众传媒的发展,给我们的文化生活带来了许多可喜的变化。但是,文化市场的自发性和传媒的商业性也引发了令人忧虑的现象。文化生活有“喜”也有“忧”,让我们欢喜让我们忧。面对形式多样的文化生活,置身于文化生活的海洋之中,在文化生活中如何选择、怎样作出正确的选择是亟待向学生解决的问题。二、学情分析高二学生处于世界观、人生观和价值观形成的关键时期,身心迅速发展,自我意识和独立性较强,社会公共生活空间范围越来越大,并且开始理性地思考社会和人生的重大问题,他们可塑性强,但情绪仍然不稳定,有多变性,容易冲动或偏激,迫切需要提升思想意识,加强方法论的指导,使其在纷繁复杂的文化生活中能够进行正确的判断与选择。如果我们的学生不能把握正确的航向,是非观念模糊,良莠不分,就会陷入落后文化和腐朽文化的泥沼而不能自拔,甚至造成无法挽回的恶果。
(4)自强不息 (引导学生简要了解介绍 “大禹治水”“ 愚公移山”“ 夸父追日”“ 富贵不能淫”等典故名言,注重从优秀传统文化和中华民族精神之间的关系角度总结。)三、永远高扬的爱国主义旗帜这一目讲述中华民族精神的核心,新时期爱国主义的主题。【探究三】:1、团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息共同体现着一个什么主题?2、你知道哪些我国抒发爱国情怀的诗词格言警句?哪些历史故事或者你身边的事例体现出了爱国主义的精神追求?你认为新时期我国爱国主义主要体现在哪些方面?学生四人一个小组讨论,选派代表发言【师生总结】:1、爱国主义是中华民族精神的核心,是中华民族的精神支柱。2、新时期爱国主义的主题:爱国主义是具体的,不同时期有不同的内涵,新时期爱国与爱社会主义本质上是一致的,发展中国特色社会主义,拥护祖国统一是新时期爱国主义的主题。
反思感悟用基底表示空间向量的解题策略1.空间中,任一向量都可以用一个基底表示,且只要基底确定,则表示形式是唯一的.2.用基底表示空间向量时,一般要结合图形,运用向量加法、减法的平行四边形法则、三角形法则,以及数乘向量的运算法则,逐步向基向量过渡,直至全部用基向量表示.3.在空间几何体中选择基底时,通常选取公共起点最集中的向量或关系最明确的向量作为基底,例如,在正方体、长方体、平行六面体、四面体中,一般选用从同一顶点出发的三条棱所对应的向量作为基底.例2.在棱长为2的正方体ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E,F分别是DD1,BD的中点,点G在棱CD上,且CG=1/3 CD(1)证明:EF⊥B1C;(2)求EF与C1G所成角的余弦值.思路分析选择一个空间基底,将(EF) ?,(B_1 C) ?,(C_1 G) ?用基向量表示.(1)证明(EF) ?·(B_1 C) ?=0即可;(2)求(EF) ?与(C_1 G) ?夹角的余弦值即可.(1)证明:设(DA) ?=i,(DC) ?=j,(DD_1 ) ?=k,则{i,j,k}构成空间的一个正交基底.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.