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新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计三
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分，体会使用省略的效果；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计二
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色，以及加利福尼亚州的历史，体会多元文化对美国的影响。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计四
该板块的活动主题是“介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。该板块通过介绍中国城继续聚焦中国文化。本单元主题图呈现的是旧金山中国城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中国城,为该板块作铺垫。介绍中国城的目的主要是体现中国文化与美国多元文化的关系,它是美国多元文化的重要组成部分。中国城也是海外华人的精神家园和传播中国文化的重要窗口,外国人在中国城能近距离体验中国文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计一
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
人教版高中地理必修3荒漠化的防治教案
1．萨赫勒地区位于撤哈拉沙漠的南缘。请根据下面的图文资料，并联系已学知识，分析萨赫勒地区的气候等自然特征，并说明荒漠化的潜在自然因素。点拨：资料表明萨林勒地区正处于干旱与半干旱、热带沙漠与热带草原的过渡地带；津德尔是其中有代表性的居民点，其月均温都在22℃以上，甚至达到33℃，可想而知其蒸发量是巨大的。在降水方面，这里的年降水量不足500毫米，且基本集中在夏季，特别是7、8两个月。以其有限的而且特别集中的降水状况与其全年的高温、高蒸发量相比，确实是个容易产生环境问题的敏感地区。客观上，这里就潜在着荒漠化的自然因素，这是本地区的地理位置和当地的水热条件所决定的。2．气候的严酷性决定了萨赫勒地区的传统经济以自给性质的游牧业为主。20世纪以来，随着沿岸国家人口和经济的发展及本区交通条件的改善，这里的传统游牧经济向商品性的定居牧业经济转化。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计二
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上，根据上下文语境和表达逻辑，能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习，学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计一
本板块的活动主题是“谈论节日活动”（Talk about festival activities），主要是从贴近学生日常生活的角度来切入“节日”主题。学生会听到发生在三个国家不同节日场景下的简短对话，对话中的人们正在参与或将要亲历不同的庆祝活动。随着全球化的进程加速，国际交流日益频繁，无论是国人走出国门还是外国友人访问中国，都已成为司空见惯的事情。因此，该板块所选取的三个典型节日场景都是属于跨文化交际语境，不仅每组对话中的人物来自不同的文化背景，对话者的身份和关系也不尽相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计二
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法；能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题，进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计三
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.）Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑，了解节日风俗发展与变迁，感悟节日的内涵与意义。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计三
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计四
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节，从而了解文章的层次结构；4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and virtues教学设计一
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否通过说话人所表达的内容、说话的语气、语调等来判断其态度和情绪；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否针对具体的道德困境发表自己的看法和见解，能否掌握听力理训练中的听力策略。
人教版高中历史必修3文学的繁荣教案3篇
苏联文学的沿革，既反映了苏联社会的伟大思想性变革，又反映了苏联文坛活跃与混乱并存的局面，特别是其所具有强烈的意识形态色彩是苏联社会深层次变化的风向标。（2）20世纪的亚、非、拉美文学20世纪亚、非、拉美文学的繁荣伴随着民族民主运动的高涨，其主流都体现了反对殖民压迫、反对社会不公的爱国主义精神。出现了许多颇有影响的作家和作品。泰戈尔是印度近现代文学的光辉代表，为印度现代民族主义奠定了基础。其代表作《戈拉》塑造了爱国的印度民族主义知识分子形象。泰戈尔是首位获诺贝尔文学奖的东方作家。鲁迅是中国文学革命的巨匠，他的《呐喊》集，昭示着中国新文学时代的到来。哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的《百年孤独》，描绘加勒比海沿岸小城百年孤独的原因及打破这种状态的途径。
人教版高中语文必修3《登高》教案2篇
【设计思想】诗歌教学的关键是感受诗景，体味诗情，领悟诗意，在此基础上孕育理解能力、鉴赏能力和审美情感。诗景、诗情、诗意均由文字来承载，把握文字组合的张力，是读诗赏诗的抓手。杜甫的诗歌素以炼字精深、涵盖深远著称，以《登高》而言，往往淡淡一字，平平一语，便笼大千于方寸，缩古今于一瞬。故细读文本，咀嚼字句，便是赏景、悟情、会意的基本路径。其次，不朽名作的特点是寄寓深广，古今评价甚多，见仁见智，不一而足。这正是培养学生问题意识、探究意识的极好凭借。第三，诗为语言之精华，是诗人心里涌出的情感之流。诵读乃赏诗之要着，精心感悟之时，设身处地，心惟口诵，是理解诗意的关键一步。基于是，笔者作如下同课异构，殊途同归。【教学目标】1．理解本诗所绘之景、所抒之情及绘景、抒情之法。2．学会用意象叠加法、字句推敲法、诵读体验法等欣赏诗歌。3．感受杜甫心系苍生、情寄邦国、忧国忧民、兼济天下的博大情怀。
人教版高中语文必修3《高老头》教案
4、问题讨论（1）巴尔扎克小说在法国文学史上的地位？在法国文学史的地位：随着巴尔扎克在法国文坛上的如日中天，他渐渐地被他的时代的作家所认识。戈蒂耶第一个站出来热情地赞扬巴尔扎克的天才。此后乔治·桑、波德莱尔、福楼拜、左拉对他赞誉有加。雨果甚至在巴尔扎克的葬礼上说：“在最伟大的人物中间，巴尔扎克属于头等的一个，在最优秀的人物中间，巴尔扎克是出类拔萃的一个。他的才智是惊人的，不同凡响的成就，不是眼下说的尽的……”人道主义斗士法朗士对文体非常苛求，他深请地说：“他是他那个时代的社会的洞察入微的历史家。他比任何人都善于使我们更好地了解从旧制度想新制度的过度。”特别强调：“从塑造形象和深度来说，没有人能比得上巴尔扎克。”后来的作家莫洛业说：“巴尔扎克不仅仅是十九世纪的优秀作家，他堪称最伟大的小说家，这在今天几乎是一致的看法。”
人教版高中语文必修3《寡人之于国也》教案2篇
一、引入：教师列举以下言论，让学生辨出哪些是孟子的，哪些不是。学生不知道的，由教师说出。学生不理解的，教师作简要解说。1.天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为。所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。（孟子）2.域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助，失道者寡助。（孟子）3.鱼，亦我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。（孟子）4.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。（孟子）5.非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。（孔子）6.无恻隐之心非人也，无羞恶之心非人也，无辞让之心非人也，无是非之心非人也。（孟子）7.庖有肥肉，厩有肥马，民有饥色，野有饿殍。（孟子）8.人性之善也，犹水之就下也；人无有不善，水无有不下。（孟子）9.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。（孟子）10.君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚。（孔子）
人教版高中语文必修3《老人与海》教案2篇
（一）导入[以视频欣赏导入]同学们，刚才欣赏的是大家熟悉、喜欢的电视剧《亮剑》中的精彩片段——李云龙论述什么是“亮剑”精神？同学们听后觉得好不好？牛不牛？“亮剑”精神简单理解就是敢于与强大的敌人（对手）做斗争，无论对手多么强大，都要满腔勇气和信心，永不放弃、永不言败，要敢于亮剑……今天我们一起来学习世界100部著名文学作品之一、美国里程碑式30部文学作品之一的世界名著——海明威的《老人与海》，看看主人公桑提亚哥“硬汉”性格和李云龙“亮剑”精神有么相似的地方。（请同学们翻到课文，课件显示课题《老人与海》）（二）走进作者：请同学们自己谈收集到的有关海明威的资料，然后教师梳理出下列核心内容识记：（课件显示）海明威（1899～1961），美国现代作家，20世纪美国文学史上最耀眼的名字之一。早期作品表现了第一次世界大战青年一代的彷徨情绪，以“迷惘的一代”的代表著称。20世纪末回到美国，写了不小以拳击家、渔民、猎人等为主人公的短篇小说，创造了“硬汉子”性格。
人教版高中语文必修2《兰亭集序》教案3篇
三、指导第一段的背诵，点拨理解句意，强调关键词语，注重文言基础知识教学。过程中要让学生反复读背。背诵线索：时间——地点——事件——人物——环境——活动——天气——感觉。时间：永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初。地点：会于会稽山阴之兰亭。事件：修稧事也。人物：群贤毕至，少长咸集。环境：此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹；又有清流激湍，映带左右。活动：引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。天气：是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅。感觉：仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以极视听之娱，信可乐也。四、学生自读背诵5分钟。五、抽一至二名学生试背课文，教师可作必要的线索提示。第二课时一、听名家示范朗诵，学生小声跟读。二、复习巩固第一自然段的阅读背诵。三、朗读、解析第二自然段，理解文章“由叙入感”的写作结构。
人教版高中语文必修3《琵琶行 并序》教案
9、在乐曲终了之后，诗人以“东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白”两句结尾，这两句作用如何？明确：诗人没有直接写听者的热烈反响以说明琵琶女技艺非凡和乐声的感人至深，否则过于直白就不含蓄，不含蓄也就显不出深沉了。用“东船西舫悄无言”的寂静无声，反衬“有声”的音乐效果，可谓“此时无声胜有声”了。人们无声地沉浸、陶醉在艺术的享受之中，那深深打动人的乐声仿佛缭绕迂回耳际，不由得使诗人想到了自己浩茫的心事，引起情绪上的波澜。在这片刻的沉寂中，只见一轮迷蒙的冷月荡漾在江心的微波之中，它提醒诗人从乐声中回到现实中来。这句景物描写点染烘托了浓重的氛围，与复杂的乐声融为一体，共同表现了琵琶女与诗人息息相通的复杂情感，是那么的忧愤、哀怨凄楚、苍凉，给整个音乐形象补足了画龙点睛之笔。
人教版高中语文必修3《马嵬（其二）》教案2篇
结合历史自古以来，江山美人历来都是引无数英雄豪杰竞折腰的，如果说英雄选择了美人却丢了江山，把所有罪名都归结于“女人是祸水”。但是，纣王无道，和有了妲己有必然的联系吗？有人说妲己坏透了，坏透了的妲己如果不是取得纣王的信任是坏不起来的，纣王听信了妲己的谗言，听与不听决定权在纣王，而不在妲己。强势永远在纣王一边。再来看看西施和杨贵妃：西施是作为越国贡献给吴国的供品来到吴王夫差的身边的，杨贵妃更是先是李隆基的儿媳妇被看中而得宠的。所以，西施和杨贵妃这两个可怜的女人根本没有自己的独立选择，没有独立的爱情，如果没有西施，就会有南施，或北施；如果没有杨贵妃，就会有李贵妃，王贵妃，总之什么施，什么妃是不能少的，因为那是吴王和李隆基的需要。