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湖南省邵阳市2017年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料二从公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡到 14～16 世纪文艺复兴之前， 欧洲是政教合一的封建时代，宗教裁判所可以仅仅因为布鲁诺信奉哥白尼的日心说这样一个科学学说，而把他视为异端判处死刑，烧死在罗马鲜花广场上。因此，欧洲中世纪的科技经济发展和社会进步都受到了极大的阻碍，史称“黑暗的中世纪”。而这一千年，中国国家长期统一，经济持续发展，中华封建文明在大踏步前进……以四大发明为标志的传统技术更为世人所称道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘编自王渝生《传统文化与中国科技发展》（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，指出中国古代科技在世界科技史上的地位变化情况。（4分）（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，概述公元401～1500年中国古代科技发展的主要原因。（6分）（3）下图是某校初三·三班吕亚楠同学制作的中国“古代四大发明”手抄报照片，其中“四大发明是什么”的答案有点模糊不清，请你补充完成。（ 4 分）
湖北省黄冈市2017年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料一十八世纪，封建王朝统治下的法国是个农业国，但资本主义工商业已经有了很大的发展，资本主义的发展，要求冲破封建制度的束缚。1789年7月，法国大革命爆发。……十九世纪上半期，俄国资本主义已经有所发展。在欧洲工业革命的影响下，还出现了手工劳动逐步被机器生产取代的趋势。但俄国落后的农奴制限制了自由劳动力的供应和国内市场的开拓……1861年，沙皇亚历山大二世批准了废除农奴制的法令。﹣﹣摘编自《世界历史》九年级上册教材
山东省烟台市2016年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
26．（15分）（2016?烟台）科学技术的进步对社会的发展有着重要的影响．阅读材料完成下列要求． 材料一 宋元时期，是我国古代发展的高峰时期，这一时期的科技，是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续．宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面．那时经济发展，城市繁荣，航海和对外贸易空前活跃，元朝实现了全国性的统一，中外经济文化交流频繁．两大因素的结合，使宋元文化突飞猛进，涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家，反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位．﹣《宋元时期的科技成就》（1）根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因，结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就．
四川省成都市2016年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料二 20世纪80年代初，大陆的统一观已经有了创新性的发展，不完全要求绝对的“政治上的服从”和制度上的一致，首创了一个国家中允许存在不同社会制度的理论。这一理论在香港和澳门获得了成功的实践。——据许士铃《国家统一是中华民族历史形成的国家观》⑵材料二中，大陆首创的“一个国家中允许存在不同社会制度的理论”是指什么（2分）分析这一理论提出的依据(2分）。
新疆维吾尔2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
观沧海曹操东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星汉灿烂，若出其里。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。
湖南省张家界市2019年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
读书不能死章句，需要思考一个“活”字。李白在《嘲鲁儒》中说：“鲁叟谈五经，白发死章句。问以经济策，茫如坠烟雾。”诗人对那些夸夸其谈而没有真才实学的“鲁叟”进行了辛辣的嘲讽。这些人谈起五经头头是道，问起经世济民之策却茫然无知。他们拿腔拿调，架子十足，却死于章句，不知时变。陆游《冬夜读书示子聿》中的观点，则更加值得那些“鲁叟”们深思。他说“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，言词朴素，满含哲理，诗中提出的理论与实践相结合的观点，至今犹有现实意义。只有在实践中才能得真知、悟真谛，真正学有所获，学有所用。
2022年福建省中考英语真题（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年安徽省中考英语真题（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年海南省中考英语真题（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河南省中考英语真题（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年河北省中考英语真题（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北极）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年吉林省中考英语真题（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年北京市中考英语真题（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年江苏省镇江市中考英语真题（原卷版）
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
2022年江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.
2022年江苏省连云港市中考英语真题（原卷版）
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
2022年江苏省徐州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Dudiscovered his interest in folding paper in his childhood. After Du went tocollege in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously. He learnedfolding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns from books.He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies ofother artists’ designs. Then he made his own creations.
2022年江苏省泰州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Shuttlecock exercise doesnot require equipment(装备) and is perfect for people to perform at home.Liu Genghong helps you to keep going until the last minute, and you can burnyour fat fast.
2022年江苏省无锡市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Studying is not always the most interesting taskwithin your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.
2022年江苏省扬州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Every month, Julia and her cousins would go forthe big family meal at their grandparents’ house. On each visit, their grandpawould give them a few coins. Then all the children would run off to buy sweets.One day, he gathered the children together.