解析:(1)首先提取公因式13,进而求出即可;(2)首先提取公因式20.15,进而求出即可.解:(1)39×37-13×91=3×13×37-13×91=13×(3×37-91)=13×20=260;(2)29×20.15+72×20.15+13×20.15-20.15×14=20.15×(29+72+13-14)=2015.方法总结:在计算求值时,若式子各项都含有公因式,用提取公因式的方法可使运算简便.三、板书设计1.公因式多项式各项都含有的相同因式叫这个多项式各项的公因式.2.提公因式法如果一个多项式的各项有公因式,可以把这个公因式提到括号外面,这种因式分解的方法叫做提公因式法.本节中要给学生留出自主学习的空间,然后引入稍有层次的例题,让学生进一步感受因式分解与整式的乘法是逆过程,从而可用整式的乘法检查错误.本节课在对例题的探究上,提倡引导学生合作交流,使学生发挥群体的力量,以此提高教学效果.
证明:过点A作AF∥DE,交BC于点F.∵AE=AD,∴∠E=∠ADE.∵AF∥DE,∴∠E=∠BAF,∠FAC=∠ADE.∴∠BAF=∠FAC.又∵AB=AC,∴AF⊥BC.∵AF∥DE,∴DE⊥BC.方法总结:利用等腰三角形“三线合一”得出结论时,先必须已知一个条件,这个条件可以是等腰三角形底边上的高,可以是底边上的中线,也可以是顶角的平分线.解题时,一般要用到其中的两条线互相重合.三、板书设计1.全等三角形的判定和性质2.等腰三角形的性质:等边对等角3.三线合一:在等腰三角形的底边上的高、中线、顶角的平分线中,只要知道其中一个条件,就能得出另外的两个结论.本节课由于采用了动手操作以及讨论交流等教学方法,有效地增强了学生的感性认识,提高了学生对新知识的理解与感悟,因而本节课的教学效果较好,学生对所学的新知识掌握较好,达到了教学的目的.不足之处是少数学生对等腰三角形的“三线合一”性质理解不透彻,还需要在今后的教学和作业中进一步巩固和提高
分式1x2-3x与2x2-9的最简公分母是________.解析:∵x2-3x=x(x-3),x2-9=(x+3)(x-3),∴最简公分母为x(x+3)(x-3).方法总结:最简公分母的确定:最简公分母的系数,取各个分母的系数的最小公倍数;字母及式子取各分母中所有字母和式子的最高次幂.“所有字母和式子的最高次幂”是指“凡出现的字母(或含字母的式子)为底数的幂的因式选取指数最大的”;当分母是多项式时,一般应先因式分解.【类型二】 分母是单项式分式的通分通分.(1)cbd,ac2b2;(2)b2a2c,2a3bc2;(3)45y2z,310xy2,5-2xz2.解析:先确定最简公分母,找到各个分母应当乘的单项式,分子也相应地乘以这个单项式.解:(1)最简公分母是2b2d,cbd=2bc2b2d,ac2b2=acd2b2d;(2)最简公分母是6a2bc2,b2a2c=3b2c6a2bc2,2a3bc2=4a36a2bc2;(3)最简公分母是10xy2z2,45y2z=8xz10xy2z2,310xy2=3z210xy2z2,5-2xz2=--25y210xy2z2.
解析:(1)先把第二个分式的分母y-x化为-(x-y),再把分子相加减,分母不变;(2)先把第二个分式的分母a-b化为-(b-a),再把分子相加减,分母不变.解:(1)原式=2x2-3y2x-y-x2-2y2x-y=2x2-3y2-(x2-2y2)x-y=x2-y2x-y=(x+y)(x-y)x-y=x+y;(2)原式=2a+3bb-a-2bb-a-3bb-a=2a+3b-2b-3bb-a=2a-2bb-a=-2(b-a)b-a=-2.方法总结:分式的分母互为相反数时,可以把其中一个分母放到带有负号的括号内,把分母化为完全相同.再根据同分母分式相加减的法则进行运算.三、板书设计1.同分母分式加减法法则:fg±hg=f±hg.2.分式的符号法则:fg=-f-g,-fg=f-g=-fg.本节课通过同分母分数的加减法类比得出同分母分式的加减法.易错点一是符号,二是结果的化简.在教学中,让学生参与课堂探究,进行自主归纳,并对易错点加强练习.从而让学生对知识的理解从感性认识上升到理性认识.
有三种购买方案:购A型0台,B型10台;A型1台,B型9台;A型2台,B型8台;(2)240x+200(10-x)≥2040,解得x≥1,∴x为1或2.当x=1时,购买资金为12×1+10×9=102(万元);当x=2时,购买资金为12×2+10×8=104(万元).答:为了节约资金,应选购A型1台,B型9台.方法总结:此题将现实生活中的事件与数学思想联系起来,属于最优化问题,在确定最优方案时,应把几种情况进行比较.三、板书设计应用一元一次不等式解决实际问题的步骤:实际问题――→找出不等关系设未知数列不等式―→解不等式―→结合实际问题确定答案本节课通过实例引入,激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生积极参与,讲练结合,引导学生找不等关系列不等式.在教学过程中,可通过类比列一元一次方程解决实际问题的方法来学习,让学生认识到列方程与列不等式的区别与联系.
∵∠DAE=∠DAF,∠AED=∠AFD,AD=AD,∴△ADE≌△ADF,∴AE=AF,DE=DF,∴直线AD垂直平分线段EF.方法总结:当一条直线上有两点都在同一线段的垂直平分线上时,这条直线就是该线段的垂直平分线,解题时常需利用此性质进行线段相等关系的转化.三、板书设计1.线段的垂直平分线的性质定理线段垂直平分线上的点到这条线段两个端点的距离相等.2.线段的垂直平分线的判定定理到一条线段两个端点距离相等的点,在这条线段的垂直平分线上.本节课由于采用了直观操作以及讨论交流等教学方法,从而有效地增强了学生的感性认识,提高了学生对新知识的理解与感悟,因此本节课的教学效果较好,学生对所学的新知识掌握较好,达到了教学的目的.不足之处是少数学生对线段垂直平分线性质定理的逆定理理解不透彻,还需在今后的教学和作业中进一步进行巩固和提高.
(3)∵AD=4,DE=1,∴AE=42+12=17.∵对应点到旋转中心的距离相等且F是E的对应点,∴AF=AE=17.(4)∵∠EAF=90°(旋转角相等)且AF=AE,∴△EAF是等腰直角三角形.【类型二】 旋转的性质的运用如图,点E是正方形ABCD内一点,连接AE、BE、CE,将△ABE绕点B顺时针旋转90°到△CBE′的位置.若AE=1,BE=2,CE=3则∠BE′C=________度.解析:连接EE′,由旋转性质知BE=BE′,∠EBE′=90°,∴△BEE′为等腰直角三角形且∠EE′B=45°,EE′=22.在△EE′C中,EE′=22,E′C=1,EC=3,由勾股定理逆定理可知∠EE′C=90°,∴∠BE′C=∠BE′E+∠EE′C=135°.三、板书设计1.旋转的概念将一个图形绕一个顶点按照某个方向转动一个角度,这样的图形运动称为旋转.2.旋转的性质一个图形和它经过旋转所得的图形中,对应点到旋转中心的距离相等,任意一组对应点与旋转中心的连线所成的角都等于旋转角,对应线段相等,对应角相等.
方法总结:已知解集求字母系数的值,通常是先解含有字母的不等式,再利用解集唯一性列方程求字母的值.解题过程体现了方程思想.三、板书设计1.一元一次不等式的概念2.解一元一次不等式的基本步骤:(1)去分母;(2)去括号;(3)移项;(4)合并同类项;(5)两边都除以未知数的系数.本节课通过类比一元一次方程的解法得到一元一次不等式的解法,让学生感受到解一元一次不等式与解一元一次方程只是在两边都除以未知数的系数这一步时有所不同.如果这个系数是正数,不等号的方向不变;如果这个系数是负数,不等号的方向改变.这也是这节课学生容易出错的地方.教学时要大胆放手,不要怕学生出错,通过学生犯的错误引起学生注意,理解产生错误的原因,以便在以后的学习中避免出错.
安装及运输费用为600x+800(12-x),根据题意得4000x+3000(12-x)≤40000,600x+800(12-x)≤9200.解得2≤x≤4,由于x取整数,所以x=2,3,4.答:有三种方案:①购买甲种设备2台,乙种设备10台;②购买甲种设备3台,乙种设备9台;③购买甲种设备4台,乙种设备8台.方法总结:列不等式组解应用题时,一般只设一个未知数,找出两个或两个以上的不等关系,相应地列出两个或两个以上的不等式组成不等式组求解.在实际问题中,大部分情况下应求整数解.三、板书设计1.一元一次不等式组的解法2.一元一次不等式组的实际应用利用一元一次不等式组解应用题关键是找出所有可能表达题意的不等关系,再根据各个不等关系列成相应的不等式,组成不等式组.在教学时要让学生养成检验的习惯,感受运用数学知识解决问题的过程,提高实际操作能力.
4、主旨 哪一联明确地点明全诗题旨?表达了作者的什么感情?试做分析 颈联。 菊花开在秋天,所以这 “ 丛菊 ” 回应了诗题中那个 “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指过去也可以指未来,在这里是指过去。“丛菊两开”,指诗人于 765 年离开成都,原打算很快出峡,但这年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,见到丛菊开了两次,还未出峡,故对菊掉泪。秋菊两度盛开,使诗人再次洒下往日流过的眼泪。“开”字双关,一谓菊花开,又言泪眼随之开。此时他仍然滞留在他乡,他始终没有放弃回乡的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛诸中流,但诗人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越过江河,越过关山,飞到了长安。所以,一叶靠岸系绳的孤舟,始终都牵动着诗人的故园之思。这一联是全篇诗意所在。孤舟本来只能系住自己的行踪,却把诗人的思乡之心也牢牢地系住了,故见舟伤心,引出故园之思,表现出思乡之情的深沉浓烈和欲归不得的无奈与凄伤,为文章的主旨句。
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接着,……最后,……这是英语中表达做某事的步骤的一种说法。如果步骤较多,还可以说:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你会听到说英语国家的人在说 first, next, then, finally 和后面的内容时,他们会做一些停顿。这样就能提前告诉听者接下来讲的是一系列的步骤。这一点在朗读和听力中应特别注意。2. how many, how much均为疑问词,同是“多少”,但用法不同。请看:how many修饰可数名词复数,how much修饰不可数名词。但在用法上,同学们常犯如下错误:1) [误] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容词,常修饰名词作定语,故后面跟名词。2) [误]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。how many与how much的区别可简记为:前how many:问“多少”,复数名词后面跑;how much问“多少”,不可数名词单数好。前者答语用基数词,后者答语用数量关系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教学内容Section A 1a----1c二、 教学目标1.学习词汇do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教学准备 学生预习本单元所有的词汇多媒体课件 活动表 奖品四、 教学过程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看动画片段《灰姑娘》导如入本课话题和新词汇“chores”美丽善良的鬼姑娘因继母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家务。片段的主题使学生联想到本课的话题。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看图学习动词词组do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目标语Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…how far from school she lives.…how long it takes to get to school.…how she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽车站 transportation n. 运送;运输Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动. 4. 特殊疑问句(where , when , how long引导) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人称练习对话.
教学目标1.知识目标:(1)学习What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)学会用英语描述有关职业的表达法。2.能力目标:(1)能够谈论为实现理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能够谈论未来自己与他人理想的职业及原因。(3)能用英语描述课余时间的活动安排,最终具备表达综合信息的能力。3.情感目标:新学期到来之际,让他们在学习、体育、饮食、特长、读书等方面制定计划,教育学生合理安排自己的课外生活,思考自己的理想职业及适合自己的职业。教学重点、难点本单元的重点为“be going to”表将来,want to be, what,where, when,how引导的特殊疑问句。难点是语言目标的实现。教材分析本单元以I am going to be a basketball player为话题,共设计了三部分的内容:一、Section A该部分有4个模块。第一模块围绕Do you think these jobs are interesting?这一话题展开思维(1a)、听力(1b)、口语(1c)训练;
说明:在帮Li Lei提建议的同时,教育学生如何学好英语。第三课时教学目标1. 语言目标:a) 词汇: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 语言结构:My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目标:大多数学生能够谈论自己喜欢哪种服装,提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目标:学会如何与朋友相处,要有自己对时尚的看法。教学重点掌握一些重要词汇。教学难点学会谈论问题,并能提出书面建议。◆教学突破首先针对Erin的问题,提出个人的建议,模仿2c部分的对话展开双人交际Pair-work;听老师诵读3a部分的信件,并找出LEFT OUT的问题所在;学生完成3b部分的内容,给Left Out提出书面的建议;学以口头形式提出自己目前存在的某个问题,讲给大家听,让同学们给自己提出一个建议,并作笔录;学生两、三个人分成一组,随意性地进行口语交际,谈论P14的第4部分的某个问题,相互交换意见。
1 交通工具的比较此活动为小组活动。学生通过讨论找出到达某一城市可乘坐的各种交通工具,并选择最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建议:(1)学生以小组为单位展开活动,谈论本组所选择的交通工具。(2)各组选代表向全班汇报,阐述本组所选择的交通工具的利和弊。完成任务所需要的语言结构:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪个城市更合适?此活动具有挑战性。假设中国要举行2014年世界杯足球赛,分别从历史,人文,天气等方面对各城市(北京,大连,上海,昆明)进行比较,选择最佳举办城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
教学重点和难点:运用所掌握的语言描述,比较不同地点的特点。在练习中学习掌握英语比较级和最高级的用法。课前准备分配小组,每组五至六人。通过上网或翻阅报刊杂志等方法,确定旅游线路,做出基本的旅游计划。教学设计:本节课流程图 学法指导:1.由于这是一堂新课,在教学中应注意面向全体,发挥学生的主体性,引导学生积极参与,激发学生的求知欲和学习积极性,指导学生积极思维,主动获取知识,养成良好的学习方法。逐步学会独立解决问题。总之要尽可能调动学生的非智力因素促进智力因素的发展。教法选择:1.电化教学法2.课堂讨论法3.任务型教学法采用这些方法的目的是为了充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生变被动学习为主动学习。通过电脑形象的演示,加强印象,提高兴趣,突破难点,提高教学效率,进而增大教学的容量和信息量。充分体现教师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则。