方法总结:(1)若被开方数中含有负因数,则应先化成正因数,如(3)题.(2)将二次根式尽量化简,使被开方数(式)中不含能开得尽方的因数(因式),即化为最简二次根式(后面学到).探究点三:最简二次根式在二次根式8a,c9,a2+b2,a2中,最简二次根式共有()A.1个 B.2个C.3个 D.4个解析:8a中有因数4;c9中有分母9;a3中有因式a2.故最简二次根式只有a2+b2.故选A.方法总结:只需检验被开方数是否还有分母,是否还有能开得尽方的因数或因式.三、板书设计二次根式定义形如a(a≥0)的式子有意义的条件:a≥0性质:(a)2=a(a≥0),a2=a(a≥0)最简二次根式本节经历从具体实例到一般规律的探究过程,运用类比的方法,得出实数运算律和运算法则,使学生清楚新旧知识的区别和联系,加深学生对运算法则的理解,能否根据问题的特点,选择合理、简便的算法,能否确认结果的合理性等等.
方法总结:(1)利用列表法估算一元二次方程根的取值范围的步骤是:首先列表,利用未知数的取值,根据一元二次方程的一般形式ax2+bx+c=0(a,b,c为常数,a≠0)分别计算ax2+bx+c的值,在表中找到使ax2+bx+c可能等于0的未知数的大致取值范围,然后再进一步在这个范围内取值,逐步缩小范围,直到所要求的精确度为止.(2)在估计一元二次方程根的取值范围时,当ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的值由正变负或由负变正时,x的取值范围很重要,因为只有在这个范围内,才能存在使ax2+bx+c=0成立的x的值,即方程的根.三、板书设计一元二次方程的解的估算,采用“夹逼法”:(1)先根据实际问题确定其解的大致范围;(2)再通过列表,具体计算,进行两边“夹逼”,逐步获得其近似解.“估算”在求解实际生活中一些较为复杂的方程时应用广泛.在本节课中让学生体会用“夹逼”的思想解决一元二次方程的解或近似解的方法.教学设计上,强调自主学习,注重合作交流,在探究过程中获得数学活动的经验,提高探究、发现和创新的能力.
①分别连接OA,OB,OC,OD,OE;②分别在AO,BO,CO,DO,OE上截取OA′,OB′,OC′,OD′,OE′,使OA′OA=OB′OB=OC′OC=OD′OD=OE′OE=13;③顺次连接A′B′,B′C′,C′D′,D′E′,E′A′.五边形A′B′C′D′E′就是所求作的五边形;(3)画法如下:①分别连接AO,BO,CO,DO,EO,FO并延长;②分别在AO,BO,CO,DO,EO,FO的延长线上截取OA′,OB′,OC′,OD′,OE′,OF′,使OA′OA=OB′OB=OC′OC=OD′OD=OE′OE=OF′OF=12;③顺次连接A′B′,B′C′,C′D′,D′E′,E′F′,F′A′.六边形A′B′C′D′E′F′就是所求作的六边形.方法总结:(1)画位似图形时,要注意相似比,即分清楚是已知原图与新图的相似比,还是新图与原图的相似比.(2)画位似图形的关键是画出图形中顶点的对应点.画图的方法大致有两种:一是每对对应点都在位似中心的同侧;二是每对对应点都在位似中心的两侧.(3)若没有指定位似中心的位置,则画图时位似中心的取法有多种,对画图而言,以多边形的一个顶点为位似中心时,画图最简便.三、板书设计
首先列表,利用未知数的取值,根据一元二次方程的一般形式ax2+bx+c=0(a,b,c为常数,a≠0)分别计算ax2+bx+c的值,在表中找到使ax2+bx+c可能等于0的未知数的大致取值范围,然后再进一步在这个范围内取值,逐步缩小范围,直到所要求的精确度为止.(2)在估计一元二次方程根的取值范围时,当ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的值由正变负或由负变正时,x的取值范围很重要,因为只有在这个范围内,才能存在使ax2+bx+c=0成立的x的值,即方程的根.三、板书设计一元二次方程的解的估算,采用“夹逼法”:(1)先根据实际问题确定其解的大致范围;(2)再通过列表,具体计算,进行两边“夹逼”,逐步获得其近似解.“估算”在求解实际生活中一些较为复杂的方程时应用广泛.在本节课中让学生体会用“夹逼”的思想解决一元二次方程的解或近似解的方法.教学设计上,强调自主学习,注重合作交流,在探究过程中获得数学活动的经验,提高探究、发现和创新的能力.
1.制作红灯笼师:(展示漂亮的灯笼)小朋友们想不想自己亲手制作一个呢?生:好呀师:那小朋友们知道制作灯笼需要什么材料吗?生:彩纸、剪刀...师:没错,那老师先来展示一下怎么制作灯笼吧!(展示完后,开始让小朋友两两组合共同制作)2.制作灯笼剪纸师:小朋友们,刚刚是不是已经制作灯笼了呀?下面我们进行一个更好玩的环节?生:好呀好呀!师:那我先来展示一下咯,小朋友们别眨眼呀!(展示完后,开始让小朋友们独立完成)小结:通过制作共同合作制作灯笼与独自完成灯笼剪影,不仅使他们更能感知灯笼的形状,更能提高小朋友们的动手能力和思考力。
文本分析《琵琶行》作为白居易最为出名的诗歌之一,内容详实,情感动人,在诗歌中,白居易塑造了两个形象极为鲜明的人物——琵琶女&作者本人。一个是江湖薄命人,一个是官场失意者。两个本无交集的人因为京都琵琶声相遇,互诉衷肠后,发出“同是天涯沦落人,相逢何必曾相识“的感慨
系(部)医药授课教师戚文撷授课班级11(5),11(6)班授课类型新授课授课时数2课时授课周数第一周授课日期2012.2.15授课地点 教室课题第六章数列分课题§6.2 等差数列教学目标1. 理解等差数列的概念,掌握等差数列的通项公式;掌握等差中项的概念. 2. 逐步灵活应用等差数列的概念和通项公式解决问题. 3.等差数列的前N项之和 . 4.培养学生分析、比较、归纳的逻辑思维能力. . 2. 3.教学重点等差数列的概念及其通项公式. 教学难点等差数列通项公式的灵活运用. 教学方法情境教学法、自主探究式教学方法教学器材及设备黑板、粉笔复习提问提问内容姓名成绩1.数列的定义? 答: 2. 数列的通项公式? 答: 板书设计 §6.2.1等差数列的概念 1. 1.等差数列的定义 公差:d 2.常数列 3.等差数列的通项公式 an=a1+(n-1)d. 等差数列的前n 项和公式: 例题 练习作业布置习题第1,2题.课后小结本节课主要采用自主探究式教学方法.充分利用现实情景,尽可能地增加教学过程的趣味性、实践性.我再整个教学中强调学生的主动参与,让学生自己去分析、探索,在探索过程中研究和领悟得出的结论,从而达到使学生既获得知识又发展智能的目的.
课题序号6-3授课形式讲授与练习课题名称等比数列课时2教学 目标知识 目标理解并掌握等比数列的概念,掌握并能应用等比数列的通项公式及前n项和公式。能力 目标通过公式的推导和应用,使学生体会从特殊到一般,再从一般到特殊的思维规律,初步形成认识问题、分析问题、解决问题的一般思路和方法 。素质 目标通过对等比数列知识的学习,培养学生细心观察、认真分析、正确总结的科学思维习惯和严谨的学习态度。教学 重点等比数列的概念及通项公式、前n项和公式的推导过程及运用。教学 难点对等比数列的通项公式与求和公式变式运用。教学内容 调整无学生知识与 能力准备数列的概念课后拓展 练习 习题(P.21): 3,4.教学 反思 教研室 审核
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 3.1 排列与组合. *创设情境 兴趣导入 基础模块中,曾经学习了两个计数原理.大家知道: (1)如果完成一件事,有N类方式.第一类方式有k1种方法,第二类方式有k2种方法,……,第n类方式有kn种方法,那么完成这件事的方法共有 = + +…+(种). (3.1) (2)如果完成一件事,需要分成N个步骤.完成第1个步骤有k1种方法,完成第2个步骤有k2种方法,……,完成第n个步骤有kn种方法,并且只有这n个步骤都完成后,这件事才能完成,那么完成这件事的方法共有 = · ·…·(种). (3.2) 下面看一个问题: 在北京、重庆、上海3个民航站之间的直达航线,需要准备多少种不同的机票? 这个问题就是从北京、重庆、上海3个民航站中,每次取出2个站,按照起点在前,终点在后的顺序排列,求不同的排列方法的总数. 首先确定机票的起点,从3个民航站中任意选取1个,有3种不同的方法;然后确定机票的终点,从剩余的2个民航站中任意选取1个,有2种不同的方法.根据分步计数原理,共有3×2=6种不同的方法,即需要准备6种不同的飞机票: 北京→重庆,北京→上海,重庆→北京,重庆→上海,上海→北京,上海→重庆. 介绍 播放 课件 质疑 了解 观看 课件 思考 引导 启发学生得出结果 0 15*动脑思考 探索新知 我们将被取的对象(如上面问题中的民航站)叫做元素,上面的问题就是:从3个不同元素中,任取2个,按照一定的顺序排成一列,可以得到多少种不同的排列. 一般地,从n个不同元素中,任取m (m≤n)个元素,按照一定的顺序排成一列,叫做从n个不同元素中取出m个元素的一个排列,时叫做选排列,时叫做全排列. 总结 归纳 分析 关键 词语 思考 理解 记忆 引导学生发现解决问题方法 20
(一) 情景导入: 教师活动:以设问方式导入该节课的内容,带出问题——作 为一个社会人,同学们的日常消费活动包括哪些项目? 学生活动:就日常生活的体验得出相应的回应,例如:买文具、食 堂吃饭、买零食、买衣服、电话费等日常消费活动。 教师活动:多媒体课件展示丰富多彩的消费活动,其中主要集中于学生可能并有实际经验的消费内容。
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.