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湖北省孝感市2017年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料一 卫鞅曰，“治世不一道，便国不法古。”孝公曰，“善。”以卫鞅为左庶长，卒定变法之令。……内容包括：1、承认土地私有、准许自由买卖。2、奖励耕织、按军功大小封爵、授田、踢宅。3、推行县制，全国设31县，由国君直接派官吏治理。——七年级历史救学参考岳麓版（1）材料一反映的是我国古代哪一次变法？（1分）从推动社会发展进步的角度考虑，其变法内容中那一条最重要？（答案填数字序号即可，不必照抄内容）（1分）材料二 1898年6月，光绪帝颁布《定国是诏》和一系列诏令，实施变法。变法涉及政治、经济、文化、军事等各方面，但“改科举、废八股”的诏令引发各地士人“民情汹汹，群起反对”，而军事上的措施既少又空洞无法实施。……各省督抚大多持观望态度，这些诏令始终停留在纸面上。梁启超在《变法通议》中记载“西后待皇上疾声厉色，呵斥之声不绝。皇上见西后如对狮虎，战战兢兢。……诸臣之敢履次抗拂上（皇上）意者，皆以恃西后为护符，欺皇上之无权也。……上（皇上、所倚者，唯军机四章京而已。”——八年级历史教学参考岳麓版（2）材料二反映的是我国近代史上的哪次变法？（l分）变法中遇到的阻力和困难有哪些？（不得照抄原文）（2分）
湖南省郴州市2017年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
21.“封侯非我意，但愿海波平”是明朝抗倭英雄戚继光的豪迈诗句。22.三大战役中，解放华北全境的战役是辽沈战役。23. 1997年7月1日，香港顺利回归祖国。24.日本的大化改新，标志着日本从奴隶社会开始向封建社会过渡。25.殖民扩张和掠夺是英国最早成为资本主义工业强国的重要条件之一。26.1861年，沙俄政府在废除农奴制的法令中规定，农奴在获得“解放”时，可以无偿得到一块土地。27.萨拉热窝事件是第二次世界大战的导火线。28. 1942年1月，美、英、苏、中等26个国家在华盛顿签署了《联合国家宣言》，标志着世界反法西斯同盟正式建立。29.湘南起义的主要领导人是朱德、陈毅。30.湖南的地方剧种丰富多彩，有湘剧、花鼓戏、祁剧、豫剧等。
云南省昆明市2016年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料一11世纪中期，印刷技术出现了重大突破，平民毕昇经过反复实验，发明了活字印刷术，毕昇的这一发明，是印刷史上的重大事件，对文明的传播、交流和发展，产生了深远影响。﹣摘自中华书局版《中国历史》（七年级下册）（1）根据材料一，指出印刷技术出现重大突破的标志是什么？这一重大突破产生了怎样的影响？材料二19世纪下半期，科学技术的突破，带来了社会生产力的极大发展和人们物质生活水平的提高。与此同时，科学技术的成果和巨大的生产力也被应用于军事领域、潜艇、飞机、坦克等新式武器的相继问世，使战争扩展到海底和空中；电报、电话和无线电等新的通讯工具的出现，使战争可以在更大范围展开，科学技术的成果这一人类智慧的结晶被用于军事，预示着未来的战争更加残酷。﹣摘自岳麓书社《20世纪的战争与和平》（2）材料二中“19世纪下半期，科学技术的突破”被称为什么？科学技术成果的应用，对未来战争产生了怎样的影响？
山东省烟台市2016年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
26．（15分）（2016?烟台）科学技术的进步对社会的发展有着重要的影响．阅读材料完成下列要求． 材料一 宋元时期，是我国古代发展的高峰时期，这一时期的科技，是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续．宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面．那时经济发展，城市繁荣，航海和对外贸易空前活跃，元朝实现了全国性的统一，中外经济文化交流频繁．两大因素的结合，使宋元文化突飞猛进，涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家，反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位．﹣《宋元时期的科技成就》（1）根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因，结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就．
山东省潍坊市2016年中考历史真题试题（含解析）
材料一 孟子认为“大丈夫”是人生的最高目标，从理想人格的意义讲，孟子所谓的“大丈夫”具备四种重要的德行，“恻隐之心，人之端也；羞恶之心，又之端也；禅让之心，礼之端也，是非之心，智之端也．|”全力发展此“四端”，便会成为具有浩然之气的“大丈夫”．-----摘编自《中国通史》（1）材料一中，孟子认为“大丈夫”应具备怎样的道德规范？结合所学知识，简述孟子的政治理想．材料二 一位阿拉伯商人记述：两宋时期，信用券被广泛应用，富裕商人率先使用印制的纸币，极大地便利了商品的交换．中国商人把钱借给别人时会写下借条，借债人则在纸条上用食指和中指画押．他们主张以信接物，以义为利，市不二价，童叟无欺，不卖假货，不赚黑钱，不会乘人之危而半利．---摘编自《新全球史》（2）据材料二，概括指出宋代商人具有怎样的优秀品质？结合所学知识，概述宋代商业繁荣的主要表现．
湖南省张家界市2019年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
读书不能死章句，需要思考一个“活”字。李白在《嘲鲁儒》中说：“鲁叟谈五经，白发死章句。问以经济策，茫如坠烟雾。”诗人对那些夸夸其谈而没有真才实学的“鲁叟”进行了辛辣的嘲讽。这些人谈起五经头头是道，问起经世济民之策却茫然无知。他们拿腔拿调，架子十足，却死于章句，不知时变。陆游《冬夜读书示子聿》中的观点，则更加值得那些“鲁叟”们深思。他说“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，言词朴素，满含哲理，诗中提出的理论与实践相结合的观点，至今犹有现实意义。只有在实践中才能得真知、悟真谛，真正学有所获，学有所用。
2022年海南省中考英语真题（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河北省中考英语真题（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北极）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年福建省中考英语真题（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年河南省中考英语真题（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年安徽省中考英语真题（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年吉林省中考英语真题（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年北京市中考英语真题（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年江苏省镇江市中考英语真题（原卷版）
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
2022年江苏省宿迁市中考英语真题 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.
2022年江苏省连云港市中考英语真题（原卷版）
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
2022年江苏省徐州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Dudiscovered his interest in folding paper in his childhood. After Du went tocollege in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously. He learnedfolding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns from books.He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies ofother artists’ designs. Then he made his own creations.
2022年江苏省泰州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Shuttlecock exercise doesnot require equipment(装备) and is perfect for people to perform at home.Liu Genghong helps you to keep going until the last minute, and you can burnyour fat fast.
2022年江苏省无锡市中考英语真题（原卷版）
Studying is not always the most interesting taskwithin your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.
2022年江苏省苏州市中考英语真题（原卷版）
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery alongthe way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we racethrough this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）fromyour window.