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人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册What Are You Going to Do教案
1．热身(Warm-up) (1)全班一起吟唱Let’s chant的歌谣。 (2)单词拼写竞赛 要拼写的单词包括：this morning／afternoon／evening，next week，newspaper， postcard等。可采取小组合作的“接龙式”拼写形式；也可以选取组内一名学生拼写全部单词。拼出单词最快最多的组获胜。 (3)教师出示简明地图，师生问答如下： r：What shop is it? s：It’s a bookstore． r：What can you buy in the bookstore? s：… 在学生回答各商店所出售的物品时，教师根据其回答贴出物品的小卡片，如： Fruit stand：orange，apple，pear，banana…．Shoe store：sneakers，sandals，boots…．(此时可引导学生说“a pair of sneakers／boots’’等) 2．预习(Preview) Let’s try 教师指着地图中的商店及各商店所出售的物品说：Look!There are so many stores and so many goods．Let’s listen to the tape and find out：①Where is Sarah going? ②What is she going to buy? ③Who is she going with? 教师放三遍Let’s try部分的录音，以上问题可根据学生的实际情况分三次提出，直到多数学生能回答并能将前两项答案填人教师课前画出的表格中。在填表过程中，教师请学生一起拼写其中的四会单词，如：bookstore，comic book。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册What Does She Do教案
(3)教师就黑板上的内容和学生做对话练习，如：What does your mother do?Where does she work?How does she go to work?教师板书“Where does she work?”和“How does she go to work?”，示范朗读，学生跟说。学生两人一组根据黑板上的语言提示做对话练习。 (4)“看卡片，说句子”活动 教师面前放一摞单词卡片，依次为：职业名称卡片，工作地点卡片和交通方式卡片。活动开始，教师随意从第一摞卡片中抽取一张职业卡片，如：engineer，举起来问：“What does your father do?”学生回答“He’s an engineer．”教师继续抽取一张工作地点卡片，举起来，如：Car company，问：“Where does he work?”学生说：“He works in a Car company．”教师再抽取一张交通方式卡片，如：bus，问：“How does he go to work?学生回答：“He go es to work by bus．”游戏进行几轮后，可以请几名学生轮流代替教师抽卡片，提问题。 (5)教师放本部分的录音，学生跟读。学生两人一组读课文对话。 (6)学生两人一组做对话替换练习。 (7)教师指导学生书写四会句子。 4．巩固和延伸(Consolidation and ex tension) Group work
人教版新课标小学数学二年级上册表内乘法（一）教案
（6）交流。6的乘法口诀一共有几句？口诀中的第一个数与算式中的第二个因数相同，表示什么？口诀中的第二个数与算式的第一个因数相同，表示什么？相邻两句口诀的积相差几？哪几句难记一些？你用什么方法记呢？怎样记住"三六十八"、"四六二十四"两句口诀？教师在学生发言的基础上鼓励学生大胆说、想出不同记口诀的方法。（7）应用"做一做"第1题（学生半独立完成）：①用6根小棒摆1个六边形；②摆2个六边形要用多少根小棒？你是怎样想的？（想口诀"二六十二"。）③运用所学的口诀口答摆4个、6个、3个、5个六边形所需要向小棒数。"做一做"第2题（独立完成）：①将第2题改为填空题，在圆圈内填写正确的积；②口答得数，并说一说所用口诀。
人教版新课标小学数学一年级下册两位数加一位数和整十数教案
二、新授：1、出示屏幕，教师给小朋友发新书了。你可以提出哪些数学问题？（引导学生认真观察情景图）（数学书有多少本？语文书有多少本？一包数学书和一包语文书共有多少本？零星的语文书和数学书共有多少本？）2、学生独立从图上寻找解决问题所需要的数据和信息。板书：35+3 30+8 35+30 8+3请你找一找，哪几个算式已经学过了？得数是多少？（30+8=38，8+3=11）[那么剩下的两道道题35+3 35+30就是我们今天要学的内容：两位数加一位数和整十数（引导学生得出课题并板书）。请同学们想想35+3 35+30得多少呢？首先请同学们看第一题35+3我们可以用什么方法来计算呢？3、四人小组讨论交流各种计算方法生：接着数，摆小棒······A．动手操作：用小棒摆：先摆3捆5根加上3根得到8根小棒，再和3捆小棒合起来是38。出示3捆5根加上3根得到38。（生自己动手操作并请摆得好的学生演示）不用小棒也可以直接算：先把个位上的5加上3得8，再加30得38B．观察算式，掌握口算的方法
人教版新课标小学数学一年级下册读数、写数教案
教学目标：1、使学生知道个位和十位的意义，能正确熟练地读写100以内的数。2、通过读数和写数，进一步培养学生的数感。3、指导读数和写数都是从高位开始，并能知道数位的顺序，知道各个数位上数表示的含义。4、激发学生主动探究的欲望，增强学生的学习兴趣，体验成功的喜悦。教学重点：掌握读数与写数的方法，能正确写出100以内各数。教学难点：数位意义和理解。教学关键：通过读数、写数，培养学生的数感。一、激趣导入同学们，今天老师要带大家到数学乐园去玩 。你看，小猫咪已经在门口欢迎我们了。咦，小兔子从门口蹦了出来，它说：不行，不行，你们想进数学乐园去可得回答我的几个问题。”同学们，你们敢接受小兔子的挑战吗？那可得看仔细了。1、从31数到36，从56数到66。2、我说前一个数，你们说后一个数。
人教版高中生物必修3第五章第三节《生态系统的物质循环》说课稿
步骤四：展示点评、质疑探究展示小组展示讨论论成果，要求每组B、C层次学生进行展示。展示结束后由点评同学对展示结果进行点评，要求先点评对错；再点评思路方法和应注意的问题。既要有结论，又要有分析，力争有相关的总结和拓展。下面的同学注意倾听、思考，关键内容做好笔记，有补充或不明白的地方及时、大胆提出，力争全部过关，解决疑难点。根据学生点评结果，教师适当点评拓展。步骤五：拓展提升、总结升华简单扼要的课堂小结，系统回顾知识，强化学生对于生态系统物质循环的认识。环节三：课后检测布置训练内容，巩固知识。五、课后反思：本堂课采用我校163高效课堂模式，通过小组合作探究、展示自我、互相点评的方式完成整堂课的教学内容，充分突出了新课标中以学生为主体的指导思想。教学过程中，依据学生的个性差异，提出不同要求，布置不同任务，让不同层次的学生都能参与其中，调动全体学生的积极性，促进全体学生的发展。
人教版高中生物必修3第三章第三节《其他植物激素》说课稿
二、应用生长调节剂的注意事项1、效果不稳定。2、使用时期。3、使用浓度和方法。4、使用生长调节剂仅是葡萄栽培管理的辅助手段，不能盲目孤立地依赖生长调节剂。生2：我们小组查的资料是关于小麦使用生长调节剂。小麦应用植物生长调节剂，可以调节植株的生长发育，具有控旺促壮、增强抗逆性、增加粒重、提高产量并有利于优质、早熟等多重效果。生3：我找了一篇生长调节剂对矮牵牛大型穴盘生产。师：上面三位同学利用课下的时间，在网上查的三段文字都相当的不错，大家可以从中学到一些书本上没有的知识，请大家结合刚刚三位同学的三段文字以及自己平时所积累的知识，讨论以下几个问题。师：你知道哪些农产品在生产过程中使用了植物生长调节剂？师：哪些水果在上市前有可能使用了乙烯利？师：生产过程中施用植物生长调节剂，会不会影响农产品的品质？师：如果你是水果销售员，面对半青不熟的水果，你认为应当使用乙烯利催熟吗？作为一个消费者，你又怎么看？
人教版高中生物必修3第三章第一节《植物生长素的发现》说课稿
（5）根据实验的第五部分——验证性实验结果，证实了达尔文关于植物向光性运动原因的假说――确实存在一种物质致使胚芽尖端产生了向光运动。这样通过多个实验的多媒体演示过程，强化学生的思维，最终在学生的大脑中形成科学研究过程的”条件反射”。为了使学生初步学会”设计对照实验的方法”，首先也利用多媒体的演示实验，并在其中特意设置一些”陷阱”，通过多次”请学生进入‘陷阱’”，来强化设计实验时应该控制的变量问题，从而在学生的认知领域里初步构建出设计对照实验的知识体系。3、归纳总结1934年，荷兰科学家郭葛等人从植物中分离出了这种能使植物产生向光性的物质，并确定它就是吲哚乙酸。这就真正从化学物质的角度证实了达尔文的假设。在能够从植物体中分离提取出生长素之后，要想知道：除了能使植物产生向光运动之外，生长素对于植物的器官还有什么作用？可以采用哪种方法来进行试验？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语，它通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教学设计二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教学设计一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
人教A版高中数学必修一对数的运算教学设计（1）
本节课是新版教材人教A版普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学必修1第四章第4.3.2节《对数的运算》。其核心是弄清楚对数的定义，掌握对数的运算性质，理解它的关键就是通过实例使学生认识对数式与指数式的关系，分析得出对数的概念及对数式与指数式的 互化，通过实例推导对数的运算性质。由于它还与后续很多内容，比如对数函数及其性质,这也是高考必考内容之一，所以在本学科有着很重要的地位。解决重点的关键是抓住对数的概念、并让学生掌握对数式与指数式的互化；通过实例推导对数的运算性质，让学生准确地运用对数运算性质进行运算，学会运用换底公式。培养学生数学运算、数学抽象、逻辑推理和数学建模的核心素养。1、理解对数的概念，能进行指数式与对数式的互化；2、了解常用对数与自然对数的意义，理解对数恒等式并能运用于有关对数计算。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意：非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角）left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Reading for Writing教学设计
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
人教版高中生物必修3第一章第二节《内环境稳态的重要性》说课稿
四、稳态的重要意义 为什么内环境稳态失调后，会对机体造成危害？引导学生从细胞代谢需要的物质和条件进行分析，最后总结出：内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件。如何预防内环境稳态失调、保持机体健康？引导学生从外界环境和机体自身调节能力两个方面去思考。即通过加强自我保健，减少外界环境变化对机体的不良影响，同时增强机体的调节能力以适应多变的外界环境。具体如何做？学生讨论，总结。1.保护我们的生存环境，防治环境污染。2.加强体育锻炼，增强体质，提高机体适应外界环境的能力。3.加强自我保健，为机体保持健康创造有利条件。尤其是处于比较恶劣的工作环境中的人，更应注意自身保健，如边防战士注意保暖、炼钢工人注意降温、抗洪战士注意补充水盐等。了解这些知识后才能懂得如何关爱自身和他人。
人教版高中生物必修3第一章第一节《细胞生活的内环境》说课稿
1. 该节内容属于人教版高中生物必修三《稳态与环境》第一章第一节的内容：细胞生活的环境。本节内容主要突出的是内环境的概念，为下一节稳态的重要性及下一章动物和人的生命活动的调节做铺垫。2. 教学目标：（1）知识目标：①描述内环境的组成和理化性质。②说明内环境是细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的媒介。（2）能力目标：①通过思考与讨论培养学生语言表达能力②通过相关练习培养学生知识迁移的能力（3）情感目标：关注维持内环境稳态与健康的关系。＊目标确定依据：主要根据课标要求及教材内容特点。3.重难点及依据（1）重点：①内环境的组成和理化性质。②内环境是细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的媒介。＊依据：根据课标要求，同时是高考考点。（2）难点：①内环境的组成和理化性质。②内环境是细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的媒介。＊ 依据：学生缺少相关的有机化学的知识基础，且内容相对枯燥抽象。