The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
(一)、教材地位:我说课的内容是人教版高二历史(必修3)第五单元《从“师夷长技”到维新变法》。本课主要讲述了鸦片战争后中国思想界发生的巨大变化,所讲述内容对中国近百年的历史走向,对近代中国政治发展所产生的影响是至关重要的,所以这节课在教材中具有重要的地位和作用,同时也是本册书中的重要章节。(二)、课标要求:《高中历史新课程标准》对这一节内容作了这样的要求:了解鸦片战争以后中国人学习西方 寻求变革的思想历程,理解维新变法思想在近代中国社会发展中所起的作用。(三)、教学目标:根据课标要求、教材内容和学生的具体情况,确立以下教学目标:1、知识与能力:(1)识记:林则徐被称为“开演看世界的第一人”;魏源的“师夷长技以制夷”思想;洋务派“师夷长技以自强”思想;早期维新思想和90年代维新思想;
下面是对以高技术产业为主的新工业区的内容进行讲解,教材以美国“硅谷”为例,首先谈的是高技术工业的特点,然后讲述的是“硅谷”的发展条件,由于教学模式与意大利新工业区的内容基本一致,这里就不再赘述了。接下来教材中提到的与之对照的案例同样是以高技术产业而闻名的中关村,由于中关村在国内的知名度较高,一般学生都有所了解,因此不妨让学生谈谈自己的看法:对于高新技术产业的发展有何建议,相对于发展较为成功的“硅谷”我们需要学习的方面又是哪些?案例中最后一个问题很值得深省,我国的新工业区到底怎样做才能够获得成功,简单的模仿下我们缺少的又是什么?这个问题可以作为拓展,让学生写一篇简短的论文作为课后作业。最后做以简单的课堂小结。本节内容的教学可能会相对繁杂,而案例之间的分析过程又过于雷同,所以难免枯燥。在处理这个问题上,我将尽量做到详略得当,主要培养学生的自主学习能力。
(3)内陆和中西部城镇主要以煤和火电为主;广大农村和边远地区大多正从使用农作物秸秆等生物能源。(4)人均能源资源不足。我国是世界第三大能源生产国和第二大能源消费国,而我国能源短缺,特别是油气资源短缺已成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素。相关数据——煤炭、石油和天然气的人均资源占有量只有95t,世界平均值为209t,约是世界人均值的1/2;我国人均石油可采储量3t,世界平均值为28t,约为世界平均值的1/10。我国人均能源消费量不足1.2吨标准煤,居世界89位,不足世界人均能源消费水平的一半,仅占发达国家的1/5~1/10。其中人均消费650kg标准煤,是世界平均额的95%;人均消费石油相当145kg标准煤,为世界平均数的16.8%;人均消费天然气相当17.7kg标准煤,为世界平均数的3.9%;人均消费电力501.5kWh,为世界平均水平的25%。(5)是能源消费结构不合理,突出存在着一低两高:即电能消费比例低,非商品生物能源消费量高,一次性商品能源消费中原煤消费比重高。原煤消费达到75%,远高于26.2%的世界平均水平。
一、 教材分析与学情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书必修2第七章第九节。本节内容安排在学习机械能守恒定律之后的目的,是为了使学生在理论上对机械能守恒定律有所了解的基础上,通过实验测量及对实验数据的分析处理,对机械能守恒定律及条件有深刻的认识。学情分析知识层面:学生已经掌握了动能、重力势能等概念以及动能定理、机械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量转换的量度以及机械能守恒的条件。能力层面:学生已具备一定的实验操作技能,会用打点计时器以及直尺等实验仪器。具备一定的数据处理能力。二、教学目标与重点、难点教学目标知识与技能:1、会用打点计时器打下的纸带计算物体运动的速度。2、掌握验证机械能守恒定律的实验原理。
学生中存在这样的问题:既然宇宙间的一切物体都是相互吸引的,那么为什么没有吸引到一起?为了解决这个问题,安排了例题2例2、两物体质量都是1kg,相距1m,它们间的万有引力是多少?通过本题,让学生认识到一般物体间的引力极小,不用考虑。那么,质量很大的天体为什么没被吸引到一块?从而引出下节课题。4.课堂小结:本节课,从天体运动出发,通过推理证明,形成理性认识,再结合例题习题使学生的理性认识再反馈到具体事实。形成实践-理论-实践的认知循环,顺应了认知规律.。本共设计了很多问,能让学生想的尽量让学生想、能学生说的尽量让学生说、能让学生做的尽量让学生做,全面发展学生的各方面能力。再通过作业和探究性课题使学生的思维活动在时空上得以延续。5.布置作业:布置作业时刻意安排引入:万有引力、重力、向心力、三者的联系,通过引导学生对比结果,从中发现问题:万有引力与重力向心力的关系与区别,为下节知识的难点突破作好了铺垫。
d.某物体沿直线向东运动,原来的速度是5m/s,2s后速度减小到3m/s,求2s内物体速度变化。④如何探究物体作匀速圆周运动时,在Δt时间内的速度变化?分析:有了同一直线上速度变化的铺垫后,讨论物体做匀速圆周运动速度的变化就比较自然了,为了给向心加速度方向的学习打好基础,可以通过小组协作,进一步完成下列思考题,使同学们认识到:时间间隔起短,速度变化的方向起接近半径方向。(多媒体屏幕投影)a.物体沿半径为1m的轨道做匀速圆周运动,线速度大小为,求1s内物体速度变化并画出1s内速度变化的示意图。b.分别求出上题中物体在0.5s、0.25s内速度变化并画出相应的示意图。由于没有办法直接利用实验来验证速度变化的方向,所以,我们采用提供思考题的方法,引导同学在合作学习、自主探究中完成。有了速度变化的研究为铺垫,加速度的方向问题就迎刃而解了。
[小结]师:下面同学们概括总结本节所学的内容。请一个同学到黑板上总结,其他同学在笔记本上总结,然后请同学评价黑板上的小结内容。 (学生认真总结概括本节内容,并把自己这节课的体会写下来、比较黑板上的小结和自己的小结,看谁的更好,好在什么地方。) 生:本节课我们通过伽利略理想斜面实验,分析得出了能量以及动能和势能的概念,从能量的相互转化角度认识到,在动能和势能的相互转化过程中,能的总量保持不变,即能量是守恒的。通过这节课的学习,使我们建立起了守恒的思想。 点评:总结课堂内容,培养学生概括总结能力。 教师要放开,让学生自己总结所学内容,允许内容的顺序不同,从而构建他们自己的知识框架。[布置作业]课后讨论 P3“问题与练习”中的问题。[课外训练]以竖直上抛的小球为例说明小球的势能和动能的转化情况。在这个例子中是否存在着能的总量保持不变?
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意义之后,继续提出问题,让学生思考:如果卫星的发射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,会出现什么情况呢?先让学生们大胆猜想,然后再向学生们介绍 卫星发射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的几种可能情况,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,让学生对第二、第三宇宙速度及其意义做定性了解。并通过演示Flash课件,帮助学生理解、加深学生印象。在学生对人造卫星的原理及发射卫星的速度条件有了初步了解后,接下来引导学生对卫星的运动规律作进一步的探索。实际上卫星并不是沿地表水平发射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的轨道后,再沿以地心为圆心的圆周的切线运行的。让学生继续深入思考:卫星在不同高度绕地球运行时的速度怎么求呢?将卫星送入低轨道和高轨道所需的速度都一样么?如果把不同轨道上的卫星绕地球的运动都看成是匀速圆周运动,引导学生利用已学的万有引力和圆周运动的相关知识,探究卫星绕地球的运行规律。
(四)、弹性势能(据课时情况,可以让学生自学)生活中还有一些物体既没有运动也没有很大的高度却同样“储存”着能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(图片:弹弓)。张紧的弓一撒手就会对箭支做功改变它的动能,松弛的弓有这样的本领吗?同样是弓前者具有能量而后者没有,那么什么情况下物体才具有这种能量呢?张紧的弓在恢复原状的过程会对外做功,但是拉断的弓还能有做功的本领吗?1.定义:物体由于发生弹性形变而具有的能量叫做弹性势能。2.弹性势能的大小与哪些因素有关呢?3、势能由相互作用的物体的相对位置决定的能量。重力势能:由地球和物体间相对位置决定。弹性势能:由发生形变的各部分的相对位置决定。(五).反馈练习1. 物体在运动过程中,克服重力做功50J, 则( )A.重力做功为50JB.物体的重力势能一定增加50JC.物体的重力势能一定减少50JD.重力做功为-50J
4、【自主探究】巴山夜雨的成因③材料三:三国时期,诸葛亮于农历6月的一天,在葫芦峪设下伏兵,打算用火攻全歼司马懿。这一天,晴空万里暑热难耐,真乃火攻之良机。诸葛亮依计将司马懿之众诱入谷中……然而,正当大火冲天,司马懿全军行将覆灭之时,一场大雨不期而至,大雨浇灭了诸葛亮扶汉反魏的壮志,使他喊出了“谋事在人,成事在天,不可强也”的千古悲歌。【设计理念】前后呼应,发散思维。通过自主探究,学生各抒己见,完成对热力环流整个知识框架的一个总结,既考查了学生的课堂学习效果,又锻炼了学生知识的迁移能力,并认识生活中的地理规律,用生动的语言拉近学生与大气理性知识的距离,体会到地理学科的重要性。【提问】如果将白天换成夏季,将夜间换成冬季,情况又会怎样?城市与郊区之间也存在着热力环流——城市风,它们是怎样形成的?了解城市风的出现有何重要意义?如果地球上在赤道和两极之间存在热力环流,这个热力环流应该怎样?这几个问题,请大家课后慢慢思考。
科学是人类认识世界的重要工具,阅读科普说明文不仅可以启迪心智,了解更多知识。而且更够激发学生对科学的兴趣。学习这些文章要注重学生科学精神的培养,关注科学探索的过程,感受科学家在科学探索中表现的人格魅力。我们知道一些科学家就是因为阅读了相关的科普文章才对某一学科产生兴趣,从而走上成功之路的。我们在讲解的时候可以跟学生列举一些例子,让学生认识到一篇好的科普文章的重大意义。