"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!欢迎你!请做一下自我介绍。认识一下你的新同学。”通常在课上老师会这样说。你会说什么呢?“噢,不!”与陌生人谈话太困难了。但是这也很有意思,并且你还能交到朋友。你该怎么做呢?闲聊。闲聊指得是礼貌的对话。“王楠是一个很棒的乒乓球运动员,不是吗?”“我希望自己能认识她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是吗?”反意疑问句是一种礼貌用语。为了使得谈话成功,你应该知道怎样去进行闲聊。你还应该知道与不同的人该谈论什么样的话题。认真的学习这个单元吧,下次在英语课上,你会发现与大家展开谈话是一件很容易的事情,不信我们来试试。)
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
(一).知识方面: 1.培养学生能运用过去进行时来描述、谈论过去某个时间正在发生的事情或动作的意识和能力,能就过去某个时间正在发生的动作做出正确的描述。 2.培养学生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培养学生讲述过去发生的事情经过的能力。能正确运用一般过去时来讲述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本单元的语言目标是Talk about past events and tell a story(谈论过去的时间和讲述一个故事),围绕这一目标,要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必须学习standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地点的词,以便为上述句型提供语言材料。2.学习过去进行时的有关知识。Was/were+现在分词,是该时态的表达式。 3.在学习过程中,要区分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.这两种由when和while引导的状语从句的句型结构。注意它们的不同。
教师带领学生复习有关描述宠物的词汇,采用教师提问学生回答的方进行。如:T:What animals do you think would be good pets?What animals do you think would be bad pets?What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child?然后学生进行 pairwork 练习。Task two: 师生互动,学习探究 1、播放3a部分的录音,引导学生一边听录音,一边跟读。2、通过听录音学生回答以下问题:Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?教师对学生的回答进行及时点评。3.学习范文,学习重点短语,为下步的模仿写作提供语言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(图)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
教学参考时间:5分钟(1)教师课前在教室里藏好一些动物和人物的图片。(2)给全班学生一分钟时间寻找。(3)请找到图片的学生根据图片上的人物或动物正在做的动作表演对话。活动七:猜一猜教学参考时间:5分钟(1)教师一只手拿一张图片,另一只手用白纸遮住图片,一边慢慢抽动白纸,一边问:What are the…s doing? 学生用They are…猜图片中的内容。(2)猜对的学生上台主持游戏。(3)教师也可以在白纸上剪几个圆洞盖在图片上,慢慢移动白纸的位置让学生猜白纸下面图片的内容。(4)也可以分组利用词卡做该游戏。4、Consolidation and extension (巩固与扩展)活动八:练一练教学参考时间:5分钟(1)活动手册Ask and write. 让学生看一看两个表格,找规律做问答,然后再把表格中所缺单词写出来。(2)活动手册Let’s find out.让学生仔细观察两幅图找出不同的地方,并用英语表达出来。活动九:小结教学参考时间:1分钟本课我们学习了如何询问他、她、它们正在做什么What are they doing? 及回答:They are…5、板书
(1)Have you ever been to …? Yes, I have. / Yes, I have ever been to …No, I haven’t. / No, I have never been to …(2)When did you go there? I went there last year. (3)I have never been to a water park. Neither have I. I have ever been to an amusement park. So have I. (4)How long have you been studying English? I’ve been studying English since nine o’clock. I’ve been studying English since I came back home. I’ve been studying English for five hours. (5)What’s that? It’s an amusement park in Japan. I’ve never been to an amusement park like it before. It’s fun to learn another language. Let’s go tonight. Isn’t this great?space museum, amusement park, water park, South America, Peru, Holland, European culture, tour guide, flight attendant, musical instrument, more than, be from, get to, take lessons, neither, discover, graduate, change
三、课堂检测:(一)、判断题(是一无二次方程的在括号内划“√”,不是一元二次方程的,在括号内划“×”)1. 5x2+1=0 ( ) 2. 3x2+ +1=0 ( )3. 4x2=ax(其中a为常数) ( ) 4.2x2+3x=0 ( )5. =2x ( ) 6. =2x ( ) (二)、填空题.1.方程5(x2- x+1)=-3 x+2的一般形式是__________,其二次项是__________,一次项是__________,常数项是__________.2.如果方程ax2+5=(x+2)(x-1)是关于x的一元二次方程,则a__________.3.关于x的方程(m-4)x2+(m+4)x+2m+3=0,当m__________时,是一元二次方程,当m__________时,是一元一次方程。四、学习体会:五、课后作业
方法总结:(1)利用列表法估算一元二次方程根的取值范围的步骤是:首先列表,利用未知数的取值,根据一元二次方程的一般形式ax2+bx+c=0(a,b,c为常数,a≠0)分别计算ax2+bx+c的值,在表中找到使ax2+bx+c可能等于0的未知数的大致取值范围,然后再进一步在这个范围内取值,逐步缩小范围,直到所要求的精确度为止.(2)在估计一元二次方程根的取值范围时,当ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的值由正变负或由负变正时,x的取值范围很重要,因为只有在这个范围内,才能存在使ax2+bx+c=0成立的x的值,即方程的根.三、板书设计一元二次方程的解的估算,采用“夹逼法”:(1)先根据实际问题确定其解的大致范围;(2)再通过列表,具体计算,进行两边“夹逼”,逐步获得其近似解.“估算”在求解实际生活中一些较为复杂的方程时应用广泛.在本节课中让学生体会用“夹逼”的思想解决一元二次方程的解或近似解的方法.教学设计上,强调自主学习,注重合作交流,在探究过程中获得数学活动的经验,提高探究、发现和创新的能力.
解:设需要剪去的小正方形边长为xcm,则纸盒底面的长方形的长为(19-2x)cm,宽为(15-2x)cm.根据题意,得(19-2x)(15-2x)=81.整理,得x2-17x+51=0(x<152).方法总结:列方程最重要的是审题,只有理解题意,才能恰当地设出未知数,准确地找出已知量和未知量之间的等量关系,正确地列出方程.在列出方程后,还应根据实际需求,注明自变量的取值范围.三、板书设计一元二次方程概念:只含有一个未知数x的整式方 程,并且都可以化成ax2+bx+c =0(a,b,c为常数,a≠0)的形式一般形式:ax2+bx+c=0(a,b,c为常 数,a≠0),其中ax2,bx,c 分别称为二次项、一次项和 常数项,a,b分别称为二次 项系数和一次项系数本课通过丰富的实例,让学生观察、归纳出一元二次方程的有关概念,并从中体会方程的模型思想.通过本节课的学习,应该让学生进一步体会一元二次方程也是刻画现实世界的一个有效数学模型,初步培养学生的数学来源于实践又反过来作用于实践的辩证唯物主义观点,激发学生学习数学的兴趣.
(1)x可能小于0吗?说说你的理由;_____________________________.(2)x可能大于4吗?可能大于2.5吗?为什么?(3)完成下表x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.52x2-13x+11 (4)你知道地毯花边的宽x(m)是多少吗?还有其他求解方法吗?与同伴交流。探索2:梯子底端滑动的距离x(m)满足方程(x+6)2+72=102,也就是x2+12x―15=0(1)你能猜出滑动距离x(m)的大致范围吗?(2)x的整数部分是_____?十分位是_______?x 0 x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___进一步计算x x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___因此x 的整数部分是___,十分位是___.三、当堂训练:完成课本34页随堂练习四、学习体会:五、课后作业
方程有两个不相等的实数根.综上所述,m=3.易错提醒:本题由根与系数的关系求出字母m的值,但一定要代入判别式验算,字母m的取值必须使判别式大于0,这一点很容易被忽略.三、板书设计一元二次方程的根与系数的关系关系:如果方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0) 有两个实数根x1,x2,那么x1+x2 =-ba,x1x2=ca应用利用根与系数的关系求代数式的值已知方程一根,利用根与系数的关系求方程的另一根判别式及根与系数的关系的综合应用让学生经历探索,尝试发现韦达定理,感受不完全的归纳验证以及演绎证明.通过观察、实践、讨论等活动,经历发现问题、发现关系的过程,养成独立思考的习惯,培养学生观察、分析和综合判断的能力,激发学生发现规律的积极性,激励学生勇于探索的精神.通过交流互动,逐步养成合作的意识及严谨的治学精神.
首先列表,利用未知数的取值,根据一元二次方程的一般形式ax2+bx+c=0(a,b,c为常数,a≠0)分别计算ax2+bx+c的值,在表中找到使ax2+bx+c可能等于0的未知数的大致取值范围,然后再进一步在这个范围内取值,逐步缩小范围,直到所要求的精确度为止.(2)在估计一元二次方程根的取值范围时,当ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的值由正变负或由负变正时,x的取值范围很重要,因为只有在这个范围内,才能存在使ax2+bx+c=0成立的x的值,即方程的根.三、板书设计一元二次方程的解的估算,采用“夹逼法”:(1)先根据实际问题确定其解的大致范围;(2)再通过列表,具体计算,进行两边“夹逼”,逐步获得其近似解.“估算”在求解实际生活中一些较为复杂的方程时应用广泛.在本节课中让学生体会用“夹逼”的思想解决一元二次方程的解或近似解的方法.教学设计上,强调自主学习,注重合作交流,在探究过程中获得数学活动的经验,提高探究、发现和创新的能力.
3、一般地,对于关于 方程 为已知常数, ,试用求根公式求出它的两个解x1、x2,算一算x1+x2、x1?x2的值,你能得出什么结果?与上面发现的现象是否一致。【知识应用】 1、(1)不解方程,求方程两根的和两根的积:① ② (2)已知方程 的一个根是2,求它的另一个根及 的值。(3)不解方程,求一 元二次方程 两个根的①平方和;②倒数和。(4)求一元二次方程,使它的两个根是 。【归纳小结】【作业】1、已知方程 的一个根是1,求它的另一个根及 的值。2、设 是方程 的两个根,不解方程,求下列各式的值。① ;② 3、求一个一元次方程,使它的两 个根分别为:① ;② 4、下列方程两根的和与两根的积各是多少 ?① ; ② ; ③ ; ④ ;
二、填空题1.一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的求根公式是________,条件是________.2.当x=______时,代数式x2-8x+12的值是-4.3.若关于x的一元二次方程(m-1)x2+x+m2+2m-3=0有一根为0,则m的值是_____.三、综合提高题1.用公式法解关于x的方程:x2-2ax-b2+a2=0.2.设x1,x2是一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的两根,(1)试推导x1+x2=- ,x1·x2= ;(2)求代数式a(x13+x23)+b(x12+x22)+c(x1+x2)的值.3.某电厂规定:该厂家属区的每户居民一个月用电量不超过A千瓦时,那么这户居民这个月只交10元电费,如果超过A千瓦时,那么这个月除了交10元用电费外超过部分还要按每千瓦时 元收费.(1)若某户2月份用电90千瓦时,超过规定A千瓦时,则超过部分电费为多少元?(用A表示)(2)下表是这户居民3月、4月的用电情况和交费情况
二、填空题1.一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的求根公式是________,条件是________.2.当x=______时,代数式x2-8x+12的值是-4.3.若关于x的一元二次方程(m-1)x2+x+m2+2m-3=0有一根为0,则m的值是_____.三、综合提高题1.用公式法解关于x的方程:x2-2ax-b2+a2=0.2.设x1,x2是一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的两根,(1)试推导x1+x2=- ,x1·x2= ;(2)求代数式a(x13+x23)+b(x12+x22)+c(x1+x2)的值.3.某电厂规定:该厂家属区的每户居民一个月用电量不超过A千瓦时,那么这户居民这个月只交10元电费,如果超过A千瓦时,那么这个月除了交10元用电费外超过部分还要按每千瓦时 元收费.(1)若某户2月份用电90千瓦时,超过规定A千瓦时,则超过部分电费为多少元?(用A表示)(2)下表是这户居民3月、4月的用电情况和交费情况
易错提醒:利用b2-4ac判断一元二次方程根的情况时,容易忽略二次项系数不能等于0这一条件,本题中容易误选A.【类型三】 根的判别式与三角形的综合应用已知a,b,c分别是△ABC的三边长,当m>0时,关于x的一元二次方程c(x2+m)+b(x2-m)-2m ax=0有两个相等的实数根,请判断△ABC的形状.解析:先将方程转化为一般形式,再根据根的判别式确定a,b,c之间的关系,即可判定△ABC的形状.解:将原方程转化为一般形式,得(b+c)x2-2m ax+(c-b)m=0.∵原方程有两个相等的实数根,∴(-2m a)2-4(b+c)(c-b)m=0,即4m(a2+b2-c2)=0.又∵m≠0,∴a2+b2-c2=0,即a2+b2=c2.根据勾股定理的逆定理可知△ABC为直角三角形.方法总结:根据一元二次方程根的情况,利用判别式得到关于一元二次方程系数的等式或不等式,再结合其他条件解题.
2、猜想 一元二次方程的两个根 的和与积和原来的方程有什么联系?小组交流。3、一般地,对于关于 方程 为已知常数, ,试用求根公式求出它的两个解x1、x2,算一算x1+x2、x1?x2的值,你能得出什么结果?与上面发现的现象是否一致。【知识应用】 1、(1)不解方程,求方程两根的和两根的积:① ② (2)已知方程 的一个根是2,求它的另一个根及 的值。(3)不解方程,求一 元二次方程 两个根的①平方和;②倒数和。(4)求一元二次方程,使它的两个根是 。【归纳小结】【作业】1、已知方程 的一个根是1,求它的另一个根及 的值。2、设 是方程 的两个根,不解方程,求下列各式的值。① ;② 3、求一个一元次方程,使它的两 个根分别为:① ;② 4、下列方程两根的和与两根的积各是多少 ?① ; ② ; ③ ; ④ ;
探索1:上节我们列出了与地毯的花边宽度有关的方程。地毯花边的宽x(m),满足方程 (8―2x)(5―2x)=18也就是:2x2―13x+11=0你能估算出地毯花边的宽度x吗?(1)x可能小于0吗?说说你的理由;_____________________________.(2)x可能大于4吗?可能大于2.5吗?为什么?(3)完成下表x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.52x2-13x+11 (4)你知道地毯花边的宽x(m)是多少吗?还有其他求解方法吗?与同伴交流。探索2:梯子底端滑动的距离x(m)满足方程(x+6)2+72=102,也就是x2+12x―15=0(1)你能猜出滑动距离x(m)的大致范围吗?(2)x的整数部分是_____?十分位是_______?x 0 x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___进一步计算x x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___因此x 的整数部分是___,十分位是___.三、当堂训练:完成课本34页随堂练习四、学习体会:五、课后作业