【文字的起源】材料一费正清在《中国传统与变迁》中说:中国之所以能成为世界上最伟大的国家之一,有一部分应该归功于他们的文字。”(1)请写出右图中文字的名称。我国有文字可考的历史始于何时?(2分)
【思想之美】材料一 在中华优秀传统文化的大观园中,诸子百家熠熠生辉,儒道释和谐共生……毫不夸张地说,优秀传统文化在思想上有大智,在科学上有大真,在伦理上有大善,在艺术上有大美。——《从优秀传统文化中没取实现中国梦的精神力量》(1)春秋战国时期思想领域出现的“熠熠生辉”的局面叫什么?面对战乱和社会巨变,法家的韩非提出了怎样的济世良方?(3分)
材料一 孔子路过泰山脚下,发现有个妇人在坟墓旁哭得很悲伤。孔子派学生子路去问她:“你哭得这么伤心,是不是不止一次遭到这样的不幸了?”她说:“是啊!以前我公公死在老虎口中,我丈夫也死在老虎口中,现在我儿子又被老虎咬死了。”孔子问:“那你为什么不离开这里呢?’’妇女回答说:“(因为)这里没有残暴的统治。”孔子对学生们说:“你们要记住,残暴的统治比老虎还要可怕啊!”——译自《十三经注疏》本《礼记·檀弓下》(1)材料一中的故事反映出孔子的主要思想是什么?(2分)材料二 请看某同学画的一幅漫画及注解。(2)该漫画体现的政治制度始于什么时期?(1分)依据材料二并结合所学知识指出该制度的作用。(2分)
26.(15分)(2016?烟台)科学技术的进步对社会的发展有着重要的影响.阅读材料完成下列要求. 材料一 宋元时期,是我国古代发展的高峰时期,这一时期的科技,是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续.宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面.那时经济发展,城市繁荣,航海和对外贸易空前活跃,元朝实现了全国性的统一,中外经济文化交流频繁.两大因素的结合,使宋元文化突飞猛进,涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家,反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位.﹣《宋元时期的科技成就》(1)根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因,结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就.
材料一 孟子认为“大丈夫”是人生的最高目标,从理想人格的意义讲,孟子所谓的“大丈夫”具备四种重要的德行,“恻隐之心,人之端也;羞恶之心,又之端也;禅让之心,礼之端也,是非之心,智之端也.|”全力发展此“四端”,便会成为具有浩然之气的“大丈夫”.-----摘编自《中国通史》(1)材料一中,孟子认为“大丈夫”应具备怎样的道德规范?结合所学知识,简述孟子的政治理想.材料二 一位阿拉伯商人记述:两宋时期,信用券被广泛应用,富裕商人率先使用印制的纸币,极大地便利了商品的交换.中国商人把钱借给别人时会写下借条,借债人则在纸条上用食指和中指画押.他们主张以信接物,以义为利,市不二价,童叟无欺,不卖假货,不赚黑钱,不会乘人之危而半利.---摘编自《新全球史》(2)据材料二,概括指出宋代商人具有怎样的优秀品质?结合所学知识,概述宋代商业繁荣的主要表现.
材料一 宋元时期,是我国古代发展的高峰时期,这一时期的科技,是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续。宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面。那时经济发展,城市繁荣,航海和对外贸易空前活跃,元朝实现了全国性的统一,中外经济文化交流频繁。两大因素的结合,使宋元文化突飞猛进,涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家,反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位。——《宋元时期的科技成就》(1)根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因,结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就。 材料二 西方近代科学一经产生,就以其蕴含的思想和方法对社会的各个方面进行了改造,驱动全社会的近代化不断深化。但在中国,尽管在明清之际西方近代科技就已传入,却没有能够产生其在西方社会所发挥的作用。——《论明清之际士人群体对西方科技的态度及历史影响》(2)西方近代科学引发了两次工业革命,分别使人类进入什么时代?结合所学从政治、经济、思想方面指出,明清时期的哪些因素阻碍西方近代科学在中国发挥作用?
文化符号一:青铜器鼎最初作为食物器皿,逐渐演化为重要的祭祀礼器,直到成为家国宝器。西周时期的用鼎制度规定:天子九鼎,诸侯七,卿大夫五,士三。春秋战国时期,风气大开,思想活跃,鼎的纹饰更加简练舒朗,神兽形象纷纷登场,宴饮、征战等纹饰明显增多。——据CCTV-10《百家讲坛》(1)材料反映了哪些重大史实?试举一例。(2分) 鼎在我国历史上有何象征意义?(2分)
31.阅读下列材料,回答问题。材料一 农,天下之大本也,民所恃以生也。而民或不务本而事末,故生不遂。——汉文帝材料二 世儒不察,以工商为末。妄议抑之。夫工商圣王之所欲来,商又使其愿出于途者,盖皆本也。——黄宗羲(1)材料一反映了中国古代哪一重要思想?据此,西汉统治者采取了哪些措施?(2)材料二中黄宗羲提出了什么主张?应如何评价这一主张?
材料一 公元l世纪时,古罗马博物学家普林尼在其被誉为百科全书式的著作《自然史》中把中国叫做“丝之国”,古罗马的贵族都以穿着中国丝绸为荣。他还说中国出产的钢很硬,质地很好。17世纪以来,许多欧洲国家的宫廷和王公贵族更是竟相购藏中国的瓷器、漆器和丝绸、刹绣,甚至不惜重金到中国定做,运回国内珍藏起来。(l)材料一反映了古丝绸之路对罗马上层社会生活的影响。清指出汉代丝绷之路的起止点,并说明其开通的重大历史意义。(4分)
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉机)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
Michelle,a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in hercountry. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a Health Program to dealwith it. The Health Program is to reduce the number of fat students today andin the future.
“Her daughter passed away a few days ago. Now,she can’t do the same things she used to do with her daughter. She doesn’t knowwhat to do. Even little things like making dinner and cleaning the house areharder for her to do now. Maybe you can think of a way to help her,” her mothersaid.
For a long time, I guarded the garden of peaceand quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect themto be out of sight (视野). And I would hand out tasks.