二、认识半时1、挂图出示钟面:7时半、8时半师:请小朋友拿出自己的钟,拨一拨这二个钟面上所表示的时刻,你能发现这两个钟面有什么共同的特点吗?2、学生自由回答。教师小结,得出规律:钟面上半时时,分针指着数字6,而时针总是指向两个数字的中间。挂图再出示二个钟面上的表示的时刻,师:你说一说这两个钟面的时刻是多少3、认一认挂图出示图片(即书中第93面的做一做)师:请你说一说图中的小朋友,几时在干什么?4、挂图出示7时、7时半师:请你们认真观察,说一说这两个钟面上表示的时刻,看一看两根指针的位置有什么不同?5、教师小结。三、练习反馈,激活思维1、请你在你的钟上面拨一个你最喜欢的半点时刻,并说一说你为什么最喜欢这个时刻?
三、课堂检测:(一)、判断题(是一无二次方程的在括号内划“√”,不是一元二次方程的,在括号内划“×”)1. 5x2+1=0 ( ) 2. 3x2+ +1=0 ( )3. 4x2=ax(其中a为常数) ( ) 4.2x2+3x=0 ( )5. =2x ( ) 6. =2x ( ) (二)、填空题.1.方程5(x2- x+1)=-3 x+2的一般形式是__________,其二次项是__________,一次项是__________,常数项是__________.2.如果方程ax2+5=(x+2)(x-1)是关于x的一元二次方程,则a__________.3.关于x的方程(m-4)x2+(m+4)x+2m+3=0,当m__________时,是一元二次方程,当m__________时,是一元一次方程。四、学习体会:五、课后作业
3、开始游戏。学生总是输,产生认知冲突,从而引起进一步探索的欲望。(二)小组内游戏,探索结论。通过小组内游戏的方式,进行实验,利用统计的方式呈现实验的结果,初步探索教师总能赢的原因。要引导学生在实验的结果中寻找统计学上的规律。(三)理论验证通过组合的理论来验证实验的结果。可以用不同的方式来进行组合,让学生探讨每个“和”所包含的组合情况的多少与这个“和”出现的次数之间的关系。三、师生共同小结本次活动1、通过本次活动,你有什么新的收获?2、师生总结:本次活动通过猜想、实验、验证等过程,让同学们在问题情境中自主探索,解决问题,既发展了同学们的动手实践能力,又充分调动了同学们的学习兴趣。
教学难点:理解整数除以分数的计算方法;二、说教法和学法为了突出重点,分散难点,让学生积极主动地参与到知识形成的过程中来。教学中采用分步探究,分步实施的原则。把整数除以分数的计算方法分两步进行探究。1.整数除以几分之一的计算方法;2.整数除以几分之几的计算方法;这样做,可以使学生通过自己的努力,小组合作交流,发现整数除以分数的计算方法。数学教学不仅是让学生获得数学的基础知识,还要教给学生学习知识的方法。培养学生的能力,发展学生的智力。教学中,让学生观察,分析,讨论引导学生寻找方法。再通过发现总结运用法则巩固知识内容。通过调动学生的积极性,不仅使学生学会了,而且会学了,会用了。从而也形成了一套良好学习方法,增强能力发展智力。
三、巩固练习,拓展应用练习是学生领悟知识,形成技能,发展智力的重要手段,我遵循“由浅入深,循序渐进”的原则设计了以下不同层次的练习。1、基本练习自主练习第1题填一填,借助直观图,巩固分数乘法的意义和计算方法。2、提高练习自主练习2、4题。本题的设计,目的是使学生除了掌握基本的数学知识和技能外,初步学会从数学的角度去观察事物、思考问题,同时,也让学生感受到生活中处处有数学,从而激发对数学的兴趣,以及学好数学的愿望。四、课堂小结,升华认识引导学生回忆总结:这节课你们都知道了些什么?你有哪些收获?这节课你表现得怎样?等等,这样的小结有利于学生巩固本节课的重点,获得成功的体验,激发学习的热情。五、板书设计:简单明了,能系统地反映出本课的重、难点。有利于学生形成一定的知识网络。都起到了“画龙点睛”的作用。
3、工业革命引起社会关系变化——形成两大对立的工业资产阶级和无产阶级工业资产阶级和工业无产阶级成为社会的两大阶级。工业资产阶级获得更多的政治权利,各国通过改革,巩固了资产阶级的统治。 4、工业革命推动资产阶级调整内外政策——自由主义与殖民扩张对内,希望进一步摆脱封建束缚,要求自由经营、自由竞争和自由贸易。重商主义被自由放任政策所取代。对外,加快了殖民扩张和殖民掠夺的步伐。三、世界市场的基本形成1、原因条件(1)工业革命的展开使世界贸易的范围和规模迅速扩大1840年前后,英国的大机器工业基本上取代了工场手工业,率先完成了工业革命,成为世界上第一个工业国家。之后,法国和美国等国也相继完成工业革命。随着工业革命的展开,资产阶级竭力在全世界拓展市场,抢占原料产地,使世界贸易的范围和规模迅速扩大。
一、教学目标知识与能力:了解或掌握英国工业革命的条件和重要发明及进程,掌握工业革命的影响。分析工业革命首先发生在英国的条件和工业革命的影响,领会生产力和生产关系,经济基础和上层建筑之间的辩证关系;分析工业革命对世界市场发展的影响,提高材料解析能力;分析世界市场基本形成的影响,培养学生运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义分析历史事件的能力。过程与方法:启发式谈话法,问题探究法:层层设疑,环环相扣,由浅入深地理解知识。联系比较法:构建知识体系,突出事物特点。情感态度与价值观:懂得科学技术是第一生产力,使学生尊重科学,热爱科学;正确认识工业文明的成就与代价,帮助学生形成正确价值观;联系中国历史深刻理解科技兴国,深化改革的必要性。二、教学重点和难点重点:英国工业革命产生的原因、工业革命的主要成就和影响。难点:工业革命对资本主义世界市场发展的影响。课时安排:1课时教具准备: 多媒体课件以及相应教学资料。
2.讲授新课:(约35分钟)结合教材内容重难点和学生实际,在讲课过程中,我对教材内容的顺序进行了重组,把教材内容由原来的两大部分划分为三大部分(第一,价值判断和价值选择的含义和关系;第二,价值判断和价值选择的特征;第三,做出正确的价值判断和价值选择的标准)。这一调整更符合学生的认知结构,便于从整体上把握课本内容。在讲授过程中,我充分利用课本素材——探究活动为课堂教学服务,此外,利用学生的生活与体验,挖掘实例,如结婚要礼由以前的旧三件到现如今的转变,引导学生理解价值判断和价值选择的社会历史性特征,以以《观祈雨》、以医生、艺术家、老学究对于《断臂的维纳斯》这个雕塑的不同见解、以新鲜实例韩国沉船事件和范跑跑为例启发学生价值判断和价值选择具有主体差异性特征以此突破难点,最后通过设疑、对比、追问正确的价值判断和价值选择的标准来深化主题,突出重点。3.课堂小结:(约2分钟)强化认识
(7)精讲即精讲点拨,释疑解难。现代教育理论一方面强调学生学习的主动性;另一方面也重视发挥教师的积极性。课堂活动的主动性、合理性、有效性的实现还有赖于教师的讲。精讲就要求教师的讲授内容精要,分析精辟,语言精彩、节奏精练、点拨精当。从内容上看,本节课精讲主要有三处:一、运动的含义;二、运动是物质的根本属性;三、静止是运动的特殊状态。2、教学手段多媒体辅助教学。六、教学过程第一步:创设情景,用“谜语”导入新课。使学生置身于教学内容的情景之中,产生继续探究的强烈愿望。第二步:运用直观、形象的画面将教学目标问题,唤起学生参与欲望,驱使学生去思考,去自读。第三步:引导学生相互讨论,实现学生之间的横向交流。第四步:教师依据反馈信息,给予重点讲授、提示点拨、搭桥铺路。第五步:设置故事型的模拟法庭,开展讨论,在高潮中结束新课。第六步:总结概括,深化知识,形成网络。
1、第一,材料一和材料二的选举方式有什么异同?(1)相同点:①都采用了演讲和答辩等形式,都带有竞选的性质;②都采用无记名、直接选举的方式进行投票选举;③都属于差额选举。(2)不同点:①材料一是对村主任进行的正式选举,结果是直接产生村主任,材料二是对镇长候选人进行的选举,结果只是确定镇长候选人,镇长人选还有待进行正式选举;②材料一是全体村民都参加选举,材料二是各户派代表参加选举;③材料二比材料一更强调竞选的方式。第二,你还知道哪些选举方式?除了直接选举外,还有间接选举、等额选举、差额选举等。第三,你能对这几种选举方式的意义和效果,作出自己的评估吗?这是学习中要探究的问题,这里不一定能回答出来,等到学完本框内容后,可以得出比较明确的答案。第四,材料三给了你什么启示?这个问题不要求统一的答案,能讲出一两点即可。提示如下:(1)新中国成立后,选举制度经历半个多世纪的发展,正在逐步走向完善;
(2)历史课本中历朝历代的文化发展。(3)政治生活中关于综合国力竞争的相关知识。(4)了解文化产业的发展,深入体会知识经济、文化经济现象。五、【方法点津】:(1)坚持理论联系实际的方法,感悟文化现象,理解文化内涵,分析文化的作用,增强文化学习的自觉性。(2)自学探究。以课本的简单提示为线索,深入探究文化与经济、政治的相互交融,探究文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用。(3)集体讨论。针对当前国际竞争的实质,探讨我国应如何发展文化产业、发展文化生产力、增强文化竞争力;讨沦为更好地应对文化竞争,作为中学生目前应做好哪些准备。六、【课文导语】:文化,一个我们十分熟悉的词汇。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人说,文化是知识;有人说,文化是艺术。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社会生活中细细体味,我们就能真切地感悟“文化”的内涵与文化的力量。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
4、【自主探究】巴山夜雨的成因③材料三:三国时期,诸葛亮于农历6月的一天,在葫芦峪设下伏兵,打算用火攻全歼司马懿。这一天,晴空万里暑热难耐,真乃火攻之良机。诸葛亮依计将司马懿之众诱入谷中……然而,正当大火冲天,司马懿全军行将覆灭之时,一场大雨不期而至,大雨浇灭了诸葛亮扶汉反魏的壮志,使他喊出了“谋事在人,成事在天,不可强也”的千古悲歌。【设计理念】前后呼应,发散思维。通过自主探究,学生各抒己见,完成对热力环流整个知识框架的一个总结,既考查了学生的课堂学习效果,又锻炼了学生知识的迁移能力,并认识生活中的地理规律,用生动的语言拉近学生与大气理性知识的距离,体会到地理学科的重要性。【提问】如果将白天换成夏季,将夜间换成冬季,情况又会怎样?城市与郊区之间也存在着热力环流——城市风,它们是怎样形成的?了解城市风的出现有何重要意义?如果地球上在赤道和两极之间存在热力环流,这个热力环流应该怎样?这几个问题,请大家课后慢慢思考。
提问:结合课本找出城市地域结构模式的类型及各自特点,模式形成的因素又有哪些?学生回答,使其掌握基本模式及特点,通过对比,分析把握每一模式各自的特征,学会把握事物本质。◆设计意图:阅读课本,总结归纳,同时引导,通过原因规律的探究,大胆设想,总结规律掌握人文地理学习思路。4.活动设计:内部空间结构变化,结合实例,分析说明。提问:结合江宁区的变化,分析江宁区城市结构发生了哪些变化?结合课本24页活动题,提出功能结构布局方案?通过理论联系实际,让学生更好理解理论,掌握城市结构布局的变化及其影响因素,通过活动题方案的提出,学生能够掌握布局的规律性,解决问题。设计意图:理论联系实际,知识的不枯燥性,提高学生学习兴趣。同时,能够通过总结,深层次认识城市结构布局,活学活用。
生:环境承载力是指环境能持续供养的人口数量。师:对了。但是有同学仍然会感到这是一个很抽象的概念。下面我们具体来了解什么是环境承载力。我们可以从两个部分去理解:一、环境,它主要是指环境的单个要素(如:土地、水、气候、植被等。)及其组合方式。二、是承载力,它指在特定的条件下,具体某事物能承受的某种活动的最大值。那环境承载力的科学定义是怎样表达的呢?生:环境承载力是指某一时期,某种状态条件下,某地区环境所能承受的人类活动作用的阈值。师:很对。 我们可以用一个生动的例子来说明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面积固定不变的情况下是由哪块木板来决定?生:最短的那块。师:确实如此。这就是我们平常所讲的 “木桶效应”。那影响环境承载力的大小也是由环境个要素里面最紧缺的那个要素来决定的。下面我们用一个例子来印证一下。