陆王心学与程朱理学相比有何异同?生 不同点:在理的内涵上不同,程朱理学认为“理”是贯通于宇宙、人伦的客观存在,是一种普遍的规律准则;陆王心学认为心即理,是“良知”,认为人心便是世界万物的本原。方法上也有不同:前者向外追究,“格物致知”;后者向内探求,“发明本心”以求理,克服私欲、回复良知。生 相同点:都提出了一个宇宙、社会、人生遵循的“理”。师 对。程朱理学是客观唯心主义,阳明心学是主观唯心主义。这两者的分歧是理学范围内的分歧,其基本思想是一致的。师 宋明理学与汉唐以前的儒学比较,最大的特点在于批判地吸收了佛教哲学的思辨结构和道教的宇宙生成论,将儒家的伦理学说概括升华为哲学基本问题。其实质是把佛、道“养性”“修身”引向儒家的“齐家”“治国”“平天下”,对儒家的纲常道德给予哲学论证,使之神圣化、绝对化、普遍化,以便深入人心,做到人人遵而行之。
(3)如何做到兼顾效率与公平?这部分知识点我结合上面的图片,设疑:“请大家对这一社会现象进行讨论,我们如何才能做到既坚持效率又兼顾公平?”导入这部分的分析。学生在讨论的过程中对如何兼顾效率与公平已经形成了一定的见解,结合图片,为兼顾效率与公平献计献策,寻求两者的最佳结合点。幻灯片展示:怎样才能做到兼顾效率与公平?第一,允许和鼓励一部分地区和个人通过诚实劳动和合法经营先富起来,带动其他地区和个人致富,最终达到共同富裕。第二,既要反对平均主义,又要防止收入差距悬殊。既要落实分配政策,又要提倡奉献精神;在鼓励人们创业致富,提倡回报社会和先富帮后富。第三,必须正确处理初次分配注重效率与再次分配注重公平的关系。在讲授过程中,还展示大量图片。结合图片分析。设计意图:体现课堂上学生的主体地位,让学生在观看中体验,在讨论中升华,从而体会构建和谐社会的重要意义。
一、说教材(一)说教材的地位和作用《股票、债券、保险》是人教版必修1《经济生活》第六课,第二框题的内容。本框题承接前面“企业与劳动者”:企业的发展资金从何而来,同时又为下一课“个人收入与分配”做好了铺垫,它在整个教材中起承上启下的作用。因此,本框题在《经济生活》中具有不容忽视的重要的地位。(二)说教学目标根据高一新课程标准要求,本教材的结构和内容分析,结合着高一年级学生的认知结构及其心理特征,我制定了以下的教学目标:1、知识目标(1)股票的含义、收益、特点和发展股票市场的意义。(2)债券的含义与分类(3)商业保险的含义与订立原则2、能力目标(1)重点培养学生辩证思维的能力,发现和分析、解决问题的能力。3、情感、态度与价值观目标培养科学理财的意识,形成“投资理财,利国利己”的观念。(三)说教学的重、难点本着高一新课程标准,在吃透教材基础上,我确定了以下的教学重点和难点
(2)、市场调节存在固有的弊端:自发性:由于市场调节是在价值规律自发作用下进行的,在利益驱动下会产生一些违反市场原则的行为,如制造、销售假冒伪劣商品,大量排放废水、废气破坏环境,窃取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人们不可能完全掌握生产各方面信息及其变化趋势,致使决策带有一定的盲目性。如某种商品有利可图则一哄而上,反之则一哄而退,从而造成资源浪费和消费得不到充分满足。滞后性:由于市场价格的形成和传递有一个过程,一旦传递到生产经营者手中进行生产调整,就有一个时间差,致使市场调节带有滞后性,成为一种事后调节。教师活动:请同学们想一想,市场的这些弊端和不足,会导致什么后果?(3)、危害教师总结:资源浪费,经济波动与混乱,分配不公两极分化等。设计意图:通过创设情景,加深对市场调节局限性的理解;要求学生结合生活实例探讨其弊端有助于加强对其产生原因和表现的记忆和理解。
(三)课堂小结接着进行课堂小结,先让学生自主总结,教师结合学生的总结,补充完善总结本节课的知识。并进行感情升华。这样设计课堂小结,是为了让学生学会自主总结知识,加深印象,教师总结帮助学生理清本课知识结构,并起到升华本节课的感情基调,落实教学目标。(四)课堂练习我将设计两道题让同学们做,巩固课堂知识。本课题板书设计我主要采用大纲的形式展现,让学生一目了然,便于识记和理解主干知识。五、教学预测最后我对本节课教学的效果进行预测:在这个教学过程中我都是从学生生活中感知的现象入手,设计情境,预设学生的分析,学生的体验,学生的感知,教师的点拨等。设计问题,学生自主合作探究,完成教学!通过这样的学习我想一定会收到较好的教学效果,当然,在实际的教学中,肯定也会出现一些意想不到的情况,我还会根据教学过程中的动态变化,及时地调整和修改预设内容。
(2)世界观,人生观,价值观是人们文化素养的核心和标志。一旦形成就会对人产生深远持久的影响。(但随着生活阅历的变化,人们文化素养的提高,人们的“三观”会发生变化。)总之“潜移默化”指每时每刻,不知不觉;是从文化对人影响的过程来看的。“深远持久”指经年累月,难以抹去;是从文化对人影响的结果上说的。3.课堂总结:首先启动学生思维,教会学生把握知识主线,建构知识体系,先由学生进行总结,然后教师进行必要的补充4、布置作业:布置作业。运用文化对人的影响的知识分析“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”,并且应该如何处理朋友之间的关系。设计这个作业的意图是既让学生灵活运用所学知识,同时又让学生回归生活,如何处理朋友之间的关系。5、板书设计遵循板书设计的实用性、直观性的原则,根据本课的教材特点,我采用结构式板书,这样设计比较直观、系统,以便于学生能够系统把握和理解知识。
解析:材料是讲学习型社会所产生的影响,A项观点错误,在当前和今后相当长的时间里,学校教育仍然是人们获得知识的最重要的途径。B项观点错误,终身学习只是成就人生目的的手段、途径,而不是目的本身。D项说法错误,当前我国社会的中心工作是经济建设。二、问答题5.材料一:日本是公认的漫画大国,日本的动漫产业产值每年230万亿日元,成为日本的第二大支柱产业。在日本,漫画比电影、小说有时甚至比电视或音乐更受欢迎。日本漫画的热潮还席卷了世界:日本每年出口到美国的卡通片价值就达5 000亿日元,是日本对美国钢铁出口金额的4倍;漫画中的人物被迅速复制成电子游戏、卡通片及真人演出的节目。原来只是闲暇时候消遣的漫画,正飞速渗透到人们的生活中。值得警惕的是,除了催人奋进的精华之外,日本漫画中也存在暴力、色情、扭曲历史等诸多糟粕,对缺乏辨别能力的青少年产生了许多不良影响,更引发了一系列深刻的社会问题。
(1)文化与经济、政治在经济基础上相互影响。①经济、政治和文化是社会生活的三个基本领域。其中,经济是基础,政治是经济的集中表现,文化是经济和政治的反映。一定的文化由一定的经济、政治所决定,又反作用于一定的政治、经济,给予政治、经济以重大影响。②经济发展是文化发展的基础。但这并不意味着文化的发展始终与经济的发展亦步亦趋。如同不能简单地把精神文明看作是物质文明的派生物和附属品一样,也不能简单地认为文化是经济、政治的派生物和附属品。文化有其自身的传承性和相对的独立性。那种认为只要物质条件好了,精神文化自然而然地就会好起来,物质条件差一点,精神文化就不可能搞好的观点,不符合历史发展的事实,是不正确的。③掀开历史的画卷,文化既有古今和地域之别,又有先进与落后、腐朽之分。不同的文化,对经济、政治的影响不同,对社会发展的作用也不同。不同民族的文化,影响不同民族和国家各具特色的发展道路。
3、文化的力量。为了使学生能辨证地分析文化的力量,我设计了两个问题进行探讨:(1)是不是任何文化都能起促进作用?(2)你在听或唱国歌时感受到一种什么样的力量?这样,学生在对比中学会辨证地分析文化的力量——先进的、健康的文化能促进社会发展和个人成长;落后的、腐朽的文化则阻碍社会发展和个人成长。同时还能提高学生的文化赏析能力,从而引导学生装自觉参加健康有益的文化活动,抵制不良文化的影响,投身到社会主义精神文明建设中去。关于课堂练习,我准备了5个针对性比较强的选择题,从而加深巩固本框题的重难点知识。最后,播放歌曲《走进新时代》,展示本课知识结构,指出本框题需重点掌握的问题,结束本课教学。课后作业,我设计了这样一个辨析的题目:文化是人们创造的全部财富的总和,它是人类特有的现象。
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(说板书设计)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教学目标)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(语言技能目标): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知识目标): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目标): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教学重点和难点)1. Teaching Focuses(教学重点): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教学难点): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(说板书设计)Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
通过写文章梗概,培养学生综合运用语言的能力,学习用恰当的英语描述科学家的故事。这是本课的教学难点。教师可以使用完形填空的方式来帮助学生整理语篇,从而来降低难度。本课的教学重点的突破方法是:在阅读前,让学生初步了解得出科学观点所需要的基本程序,从而轻松而自然地导入文章的阅读;在阅读过程中,由易到难设计快速阅读和精读的问题,层层推进各种阅读活动,让学生对阅读内容从整体感知到细节理解,最后深层读懂整篇文章,同时加强阅读策略的指导,让每个学生都主动参与课堂教学活动,最终达到提高阅读能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小组共同合作,在老师的适当指导下,就以下2个问题展开讨论,让学生就所知、所学、所感和所想融入话题,然后抽若干同学代表作小组发言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?