教师活动:引导学生阅读教材67页,回答:什么是效率优先,兼顾公平?如何贯彻此原则?学生活动:阅读课本,认真总结,发表见解教师点评:效率优先,实质是发展生产力优先,分配制度和分配政策要以促进生产力的发展和经济效益的提高为首要目标;兼顾公平,是指社会要将收入差距控制在合理的范围内,使分配的结果能促使人们奋进,社会具有生机喝活力。坚持效率优先、兼顾公平,首先,要允许和鼓励一部分地区和个人通过诚实劳动和合法经营先富起来,先富带后富,最终达到共同富裕。其次,既要反对平均主义,又要防止收入差距悬殊;既要落实分配政策,又要提倡奉献精神。再次,必须正确处理初次分配注重效率与再分配注重公平的关系。初次分配注重效率有利于充分调动人们的积极性。在再分配中,要加强政府对收入分配的调节,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,提高低收入者的收入水平,通过完善社会保障制度等,把收入差距控制在一定范围之内。
3、城镇人口的比重大幅度提高,工农差别、城乡差别、地区差别扩大的趋势逐步扭转请同学们阅读下面材料,结合刚才列举的实例,思考它说明什么问题?2000年我国农村小康总体实现程度在93%左右,城乡收入差距在3:1以上。1999年西部地区小康实现程度为84.18%,中部和东部地区为93.18%、97.86%,人均GDP最高的上海市突破4000美元,最低的贵州省只有300多美元。4、社会保障体系比较健全,社会就业比较充分,家庭财产普遍提高,人民过上更加富足的生活教师活动:请同学们阅读教材102页虚框内材料,思考所提问题学生活动:积极思考,讨论发言。教师总结:说明我国的社会保障体系逐步完善,但是城镇居民保障水平较高,农村社会保障水平还比较低。这与我国的国情是不相适应的,因此,本世纪初20年,要不断健全、完善社会保障体系,集中力量发展经济,降低失业率,提高城乡居民文化教育娱乐等消费比例,让人民的吃穿住行达到更高水平的小康。三、小康社会的建设特点和要求
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
知识和技能 1、理解自然地理环境整体性的基本内涵。2、了解自然地理环境整体性的表现3、使学生树立普遍联系的观点,再利用和改造自然中要充分考虑各地理要素的关系,避免“牵一发而动全身”。过程与方法 1、自主学习,分析 讨论法。2、探究与活动, 理解地理环境的整体性。3、利用景观 图片分析地理环境的整体性。情感、态度与价值观帮助学生树立事物是普遍联系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到统筹考虑。教学 重点1、地理环境整体性的原因。2、地理要素间相互作用产生新功能。3、自然地理环境的演化过程具有统一性。4、自然地理环境要素会“牵一发而动全身”。教学 难点地理要素间相互作用产生新功能;自然地理环境具有同一演化过 程。教具、资料多媒体课件、景观图片课时安排
一、明确课标要求1.了解褶皱的概念和褶皱的基本形态;2.了解褶皱山的形成和褶皱山的基本形态特征;3.能够在不同的示意图中识别和判读背斜与向斜;4.知道和理解断层的概念和断块山的形成,了解断块山的基本形态特征;5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。二、教学目标知识目标:1.结合具体图像,了解褶皱山的形成及基本形态特征。2.能在示意图上识别和判断背斜和向斜。3.理解内外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能够明白其形成的原因。4.能够结合实例,理解断块山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。过程与方法目标:1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内力、外力因素。2.通过案例,尝试联系实际,培养动手演示、判读图像、比较、分析、归纳的能力。
一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响
一、知识和技能1.使学生了解地球的圈层构造,初步掌握地球内部圈层的组成和划分依据2.使学生了解各内部圈层的界限、厚度、物理性状等。二、过程和方法1.使学生了解研究地球内部构造的方法,从而认识人类对未知事物所进行的探索实践,激发同学们学科学、爱科学的兴趣及责任感。2.了解地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,从宏观上认识全球的整体面貌,形成地球系统观念。3.通过归纳、总结、对比地球内部各层的特点,对学生进行综合归纳等思维能力的培养和训练。三、情感、态度、价值观通过学习对学生进行热爱自然、热爱科学的教育,鼓励学生献身于科学教育事业。【教学重点】1.地震波的波速及传播特点,区别横波与纵波。2.地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,特别是地壳的特点。3.岩石圈概念,软流层知识。
新知探究我们知道,等差数列的特征是“从第2项起,每一项与它的前一项的差都等于同一个常数” 。类比等差数列的研究思路和方法,从运算的角度出发,你觉得还有怎样的数列是值得研究的?1.两河流域发掘的古巴比伦时期的泥版上记录了下面的数列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《庄子·天下》中提到:“一尺之锤,日取其半,万世不竭.”如果把“一尺之锤”的长度看成单位“1”,那么从第1天开始,每天得到的“锤”的长度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在营养和生存空间没有限制的情况下,某种细菌每20 min 就通过分裂繁殖一代,那么一个这种细菌从第1次分裂开始,各次分裂产生的后代个数依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入银行a元,存期为5年,年利率为 r ,那么按照复利,他5年内每年末得到的本利和分别是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
新知探究国际象棋起源于古代印度.相传国王要奖赏国际象棋的发明者,问他想要什么.发明者说:“请在棋盘的第1个格子里放上1颗麦粒,第2个格子里放上2颗麦粒,第3个格子里放上4颗麦粒,依次类推,每个格子里放的麦粒都是前一个格子里放的麦粒数的2倍,直到第64个格子.请给我足够的麦粒以实现上述要求.”国王觉得这个要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麦粒的质量为40克,据查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麦产量约为7.5亿吨,根据以上数据,判断国王是否能实现他的诺言.问题1:每个格子里放的麦粒数可以构成一个数列,请判断分析这个数列是否是等比数列?并写出这个等比数列的通项公式.是等比数列,首项是1,公比是2,共64项. 通项公式为〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)问题2:请将发明者的要求表述成数学问题.
情景导学古语云:“勤学如春起之苗,不见其增,日有所长”如果对“春起之苗”每日用精密仪器度量,则每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可组成一个数列. 那么什么叫数列呢?二、问题探究1. 王芳从一岁到17岁,每年生日那天测量身高,将这些身高数据(单位:厘米)依次排成一列数:75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①记王芳第i岁的身高为 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我们发现h_i中的i反映了身高按岁数从1到17的顺序排列时的确定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的数,h_2=87是排在第2位的数〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的数,它们之间不能交换位置,所以①具有确定顺序的一列数。2. 在两河流域发掘的一块泥板(编号K90,约生产于公元前7世纪)上,有一列依次表示一个月中从第1天到第15天,每天月亮可见部分的数:5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
三、坚持人民民主专政教师活动:请同学们阅读教材P7页,思考下列问题:为什么要坚持人民民主专政?现阶段如何坚持人民民主专政?学生活动:阅读课本,找出问题。1、坚持人民民主专政的重要性(1)坚持人民民主专政是四项基本原则之一,是我国的立国之本。(2)坚持人民民主专政是现代化建设的政治保证。坚持人民民主,才能调动人民现代化建设的积极性;坚持对敌对势力的专政,才能保障人民民主,维护国家安定。2、坚持人民民主专政的新的时代内容突出经济建设服务职能;为改革开放和现代化建设创造良好国内外环境;重视法制建设,依法治国;发展人民民主,加强民主制度建设。(三)课堂总结、点评本节内容讲述了我国的国家性质的有关知识,懂得我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,其本质是人民当家作主,我国的人民民主具有广泛性和真实性,是真正的大多数人的统治,必须坚持人民民主专政。
4、民主和专政(1)民主,是指在范围内,按照和来共同管理国家事务的国家制度。民主具有鲜明的,民主总是属于。世界上从来没有的民主。(2)专政,即主要依靠实行的统治。(3)民主制国家是民主和专政的辩证统一(对立统一)①民主和专政相互区别、相互对立,民主只适用于,专政则适用于。②民主与专政是相辅相成、互为前提。民主是专政的,专政是民主的。(4)人民民主专政也是民主与专政的辩证统一。三、必须坚持人民民主专政(1)坚持人民民主专政的必然性(原因)第一、坚持人民民主专政是之一,四项基本原则是我国的,是我国国家生存发展的。第二、坚持人民民主专政是社会主义现代化建设的。①只有充分发扬社会主义民主,确保的地位,保证人民,尊重和保障,才能。②只有坚持国家的专政职能,打击,才能保障,维护。(2)坚持人民民主专政的新的要求:
经济因素对人口迁移是主要的,经常起作用的因素,是人口迁移的基本动因。通常情况下,经济发展水平的差异决定着人们迁移的方向,人们迁移是为了追求更好的就业机会和更高的经济收入。经济发展水平高的地区往往成为人口迁入地,人口的迁移量取决于迁入地对劳动力的需求状况和迁出地人口相对过剩的状况。师:20世纪80年代深圳、珠海等地设立了经济特区’吸I了大量的人口迁入。这又说明了什么问题? (生回答,师总结)从宏观上看,经济布局也会造成大量的人口迁移。说明经济越发达,对人口的吸引力(即拉力)越大。经济发展水平、规模和速度决定着人口迁移的流向、流量和流速。师:交通和通讯又如何影响着人口的迁移呢?生:交通和通讯的发展,缩小了地区之间的距离,促进了人口迁移。
二、适合我国国情的根本政治制度1、人民代表大会制度的主要内容国家的一切权力属于人民;人民在普选的基础上选举代表,组成各级人民代表大会作为国家权力机关;由国家权力机关产生其他国家机关,依法行使各自的职权;实行民主集中制的组织和活动原则等。2、为什么说人民代表大会制度是适合我国国情的根本政治制度(1)人民代表大会制度是由人民民主专政的社会主义国家性质决定的,是建立其他国家管理制度的基础,是中国社会主义民主政治最鲜明的特点。(2)人民代表大会制度以人民当家作主为宗旨,真正保证了人民群众参加国家管理,充分体现了人民的意志和利益。(3)实践证明,我国人民民主专政的国体和人民代表大会制度的政体,是中国人民奋斗的成果和历史的选择,是适合我国国情的政治制度。(4)建设社会主义民主政治,最重要的是坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,决不照搬西方的政治制度模式。
(三)合作探究、精讲点拨一、我国的政权组织形式教师活动:引导学生阅读教材58页“走进我国的国家机关”材料,同时思考所提出的问题。学生活动:阅读课本,讨论问题。教师点评:这一组镜头反映了我国国家机构中人民代表大会与其他国家机关的关系,从中可以看出,我国人民是如何通过人民代表大会制度组建国家机关、开展管理国家的各种政治活动的。1、我国的政体(1)政体是一个国家的政权机关的组织形式。也就是通过什么方式、制度来组建国家政权机关的。教师活动:引导学生阅读教材59、60页“专家点评、名词点击”材料,同时思考:国家机构一般由哪些国家机关组成?我国的国家机构的组成情况是怎样的?。学生活动:阅读课本,讨论问题。教师点评:国家机构一般由国家元首、立法机关、行政机关、司法机关组成。不同国家在具体设置上有所不同。我国的立法机关是全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会,它与地方各级人民代表大会组成国家权力机关,并同其他国家机关共同组成我国的国家机构体系。