1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接着,……最后,……这是英语中表达做某事的步骤的一种说法。如果步骤较多,还可以说:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你会听到说英语国家的人在说 first, next, then, finally 和后面的内容时,他们会做一些停顿。这样就能提前告诉听者接下来讲的是一系列的步骤。这一点在朗读和听力中应特别注意。2. how many, how much均为疑问词,同是“多少”,但用法不同。请看:how many修饰可数名词复数,how much修饰不可数名词。但在用法上,同学们常犯如下错误:1) [误] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容词,常修饰名词作定语,故后面跟名词。2) [误]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。how many与how much的区别可简记为:前how many:问“多少”,复数名词后面跑;how much问“多少”,不可数名词单数好。前者答语用基数词,后者答语用数量关系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…how far from school she lives.…how long it takes to get to school.…how she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽车站 transportation n. 运送;运输Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动. 4. 特殊疑问句(where , when , how long引导) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人称练习对话.
1 交通工具的比较此活动为小组活动。学生通过讨论找出到达某一城市可乘坐的各种交通工具,并选择最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建议:(1)学生以小组为单位展开活动,谈论本组所选择的交通工具。(2)各组选代表向全班汇报,阐述本组所选择的交通工具的利和弊。完成任务所需要的语言结构:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪个城市更合适?此活动具有挑战性。假设中国要举行2014年世界杯足球赛,分别从历史,人文,天气等方面对各城市(北京,大连,上海,昆明)进行比较,选择最佳举办城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
教学重点和难点:运用所掌握的语言描述,比较不同地点的特点。在练习中学习掌握英语比较级和最高级的用法。课前准备分配小组,每组五至六人。通过上网或翻阅报刊杂志等方法,确定旅游线路,做出基本的旅游计划。教学设计:本节课流程图 学法指导:1.由于这是一堂新课,在教学中应注意面向全体,发挥学生的主体性,引导学生积极参与,激发学生的求知欲和学习积极性,指导学生积极思维,主动获取知识,养成良好的学习方法。逐步学会独立解决问题。总之要尽可能调动学生的非智力因素促进智力因素的发展。教法选择:1.电化教学法2.课堂讨论法3.任务型教学法采用这些方法的目的是为了充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生变被动学习为主动学习。通过电脑形象的演示,加强印象,提高兴趣,突破难点,提高教学效率,进而增大教学的容量和信息量。充分体现教师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则。
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words这一步是用于热身的,同时也可以让他们复习一部分的表示人体部位的单词,扩充知识.学习语言的过程也是一个不断积累的过程,复习旧知识,增添新知识.通过小游戏,强化学生对Does she/he have…这个句子的运用能力.通过复习,自然的引到下面新知识的学习。充分利用表格,由句子到对话,再到文章,让学生循序渐进. 提高学生的综合语言运用能力,运用以前学过的知识来解决身边的问题.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教学内容与分析:
Step 1 Greeting Greet the class and check the homeworkStep 2 A duty report The S on duty gives a report on the rules in his home and lead in 3a “Sun Fei’s and Wu Yu’s rules” Step 3 ReadingSs read the conversation and write the two girls’ rules in the chart. Check the answers.Get Ss to read after the tape and then read aloud by themselves. Then, T explains the language points.Step 4 Pairwork 3bRole play. Use the information in chart to practice with the conversation in 3a covered. They can look at the sample conversation in the right box.Step 5 Task 2 “Who’s the best reporter?”Make a survey by asking any 5 students the questions in the chart in activity 4. Then give out a report about it. See who is the best reporter? And the best reporter will get a nice ball-pen.Step 6 Summary and homework:Write out the report in your exercise-books.Period ThreeStep 1 Greeting and a duty reportThe S gives a duty report talking about his experience of being late for school. Lead in the question “Do you ever get to school late? How often do you get to school late? Always, usually, sometimes, or never?Step 2 1a Get Ss to finish writing.Step 3 Pairwork 1b Get Ss to talk about their answers with their partners using the sample conversation in the box on the right.Step 4 Listening practice2a Lead-in: What will happen if you get to school late? What about Peter? Let’s listen to a conversation between Peter and his father. Get Ss to finish 2a (As usual, for the first time, Ss only listen.) Check the answers.
内容提示本单元主要内容是学会利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法来讨论学习英语的策略,认识自己在学习方面的长处和不足。初步了解现在完成时的结构和用法。现在完成时由助动词have/has+动词的过去分词构成,主要表示过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响或造成的后果,常与already,yet,just,ever,never等副词连用。教学目标一、学习目标(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。 二、语言结构(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+动名词短语 表示“通过…途径,方法” 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 三、目标语言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同学们一起学习。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
(3)在某乒乓球质量检测中,一只乒乓球超出标准质量0.02克,记作+0.02克,那么-0.03克表示什么?解:(1)扣20分,记作-20分;(2)沿顺时针方向转12圈记作-12圈;(3)-0.03克表示乒乓球的质量低于标准质量0.03克。4、让学生回顾现已学过的数,将他们进行分类,最后教师总结。(三)课堂练习,及时反馈为了让更多的学生参与进来,通过练习巩固知识发现不足,教师及时得到反馈,检查教学效果,采取相应措施,我采用了一下习题:(电脑演示)在练习过程中培养学生养成用所学知识去思考问题、判断问题、解决问题的好习惯。学生的练习分出了梯度,让不同学生的学生都有所提高,有助于贯彻因材施教的教学原则。各组练习在进行中,进行后,都要掌握学生的完成情况,让学生举手,加以统计,及时纠错及再讲解。在学生回答问题时,我通过语言、目光、动作给予鼓励与告诉,发挥评价的增益效应。
解 由题意可得,今年的年产值为a·(1+10%) 亿元,于是明年的年产值为a·(1+10%)·(1+10%)= 1.21a(亿元).若去年的年产值为2亿元,则明年的年产值为1.21a =1.21×2 = 2.42(亿元).答:该企业明年的年产值将能达到1.21a亿元.由去年的年产值是2亿元,可以预计明年的年产值是2.42亿元.例3 当x=-3时,多项式mx3+nx-81的值是10,当x = 3时,求该代数式的值.解 当x=-3时,多项式mx3+nx-81=-27m-3n-81, 此时-27m-3n-81=10, 所以27m+3n=-91.则当x=3,mx3+nx-81 =( 27m+3n )-81=-91-81=-172.注:本题采用了一种重要的数学思想——“整体思想”.即是考虑问题时不是着眼于他的局部特征,而是把注意力和着眼点放在问题的整体结构上,把一些彼此独立,但实质上又相互紧密联系着的量作为整体来处理的思想方法.
教学目标1、知识目标:掌握等式的性质;会运用等式的性质解简单的一元一次方程。2、能力目标:通过观察、探究、归纳、应用,培养学生观察、分析、综合、抽象能力,获取学习数学的方法。3、情感目标:通过学生间的交流与合作,培养学生积极愉悦地参与数学学习活动的意识和情感,敢于面对数学活动中的困难,获得成功的体验,体会解决问题中与他人合作的重要性。教学重点与难点重点:理解和应用等式的性质。难点:应用等式的性质,把简单的一元一次方程化为“x=a”的形式。教学时数 2课时(本节课是第一课时)教学方法 多媒体教学教学过程(一) 创设情境,复习导入。上课开始,给出思考,(算一算,试一试)能否用估算法求出下列方程的解:(学生不用笔算,只能估算)
四、做一做(实践)1、用牙签和橡皮泥制作球体和一些柱体和锥体,看哪些同学做得比较标准。2、使出事先准备好的等边三角形纸片,试将它折成一个正四面体。五、试一试(探索)课前,发给学生阅读材料《晶体--自然界的多面体》,让学生通过阅读了解什么是正多面体,正多面体是柏拉图约在公元400年独立发现的,在这之前,埃及人已经用于建筑(埃及金字塔),以此激励学生探索的欲望。教师出示实物模型:正四面体、正方体、正八面体、正十二面体、正二十面体1、以正四面体为例,说出它的顶点数、棱数和面数。2、再让学生观察、讨论其它正多面体的顶点数、棱数和面数。将结果记入书上的P128的表格。引导学生发现结论。3、(延伸):若随意做一个多面体,看看是否还是那个结果。
学习目标:1、知识与技能(1)会用字母、运算符号表示简单问题的规律,并能验证所探索的规律。(2)能综合所学知识解决实际问题和数学问题,发展学生应用数学的意识,培养学生的实践能力和创新意识。2、过程与方法(1)经历探索数量关系,运用符号表示规律,通过验算验证规律的过程。(2)在解决问题的过程中体验归纳、分析、猜想、抽象还有类比、转化等思维方法,发展学生抽象思维能力,培养学生良好的思维品质。3、情感、态度与价值观通过对实际问题中规律的探索,体验“从特殊到一般、再到特殊”的辩证思想,激发学生的探究热情和对数学的学习热情。学习重点:探索实际问题中蕴涵的关系和规律。学习难点:用字母、运算符号表示一般规律。学习过程:一、创景引入活动:出示一张月历,学生任意选出3×3方格框出的9个数,并计算出这9个数的和,告诉老师,老师就可以说出你所选的是哪9个数。
分析:(1)(2)用乘法的交换、结合律;(3)(4)用分配律,4.99写成5-0.01学生板书完成,并说明根据什么?略例3、某校体育器材室共有60个篮球。一天课外活动,有3个班级分别计划借篮球总数的 , 和 。请你算一算,这60个篮球够借吗?如果够了,还多几个篮球?如果不够,还缺几个?解:=60-30-20-15 =-5答:不够借,还缺5个篮球。练习巩固:第41页1、2、7、探究活动 (1)如果2个数的积为负数,那么这2个数中有几个负数?如果3个数的积为负数,那么这3个数中有几个负数?4个数呢?5个数呢?6个数呢?有什么规律? (2)逆用分配律 第42页 5、用简便方法计算(三)课堂小结通过本节课的学习,大家学会了什么?本节课我们探讨了有理数乘法的运算律及其应用.乘法的运算律有:乘法交换律:a×b=b×a;乘法结合律:(a×b)×c=a×(b×c);分配律:a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c.在有理数的运算中,灵活运用运算律可以简化运算.(四)作业:课本42页作业题
二.思考:(-2) 可以写成-2 吗?( ) 可以写成 吗?(指名学生回答,师生共同总结:负数和分数的乘方书写时,一定要把整个负数和分数用小括号括起来)三.计算:①(-2) ,②-2 ,③(- ) ,④ (叫4个学生上台板演,其他练习本上完成,教师巡视,确保人人学得紧张高效).(四)讨论更正,合作探究1.学生自由更正,或写出不同解法;2.评讲思考:将三题①③中将底数换成为正数或0,结果有什么规律?学生总结:负数的奇次幂是负数,负数的偶次幂是正数,正数的任何次幂都是正数,0的任何正整数次幂都为0。有理数的乘方就是几个相同因数积的运算,可以运用有理数乘方法则进行符号的确定和幂的求值.乘方的含义:①表示一种运算;②表示运算的结果.
讨论归纳,总结出多个有理数相乘的规律:几个不等于0的因数相乘,积的符号由负因数的个数决定。当负因数有奇数个时,积的符号为负;当负因数有偶数个时,积的符号为正。只要有一个因数为0,积就为0。(2)几个不等于0的因数相乘时,积的绝对值是多少?(生:积的绝对值是这几个因数的绝对值的乘积.)例2、计算:(1) ;(2) 分析:(1)有多个不为零的有理数相乘时,可以先确定积的符号,再把绝对值相乘;(2)若其中有一个因数为0,则积为0。解:(1) = (2) =0练习(1) ,(2) ,(3) 6、探索活动:把-6表示成两个整数的积,有多少种可能性?把它们全部写出来。(三)课堂小结通过本节课的学习,大家学会了什么?(1)有理数的乘法法则。(2)多个不等于0的有理数相乘,积的符号由负因数的个数决定。(3)几个数相乘时,如果有一个因数是0,则积就为0。(4)乘积是1的两个有理数互为倒数。(四)作业:课本作业题
1、掌握有理数混合运算法则,并能进行有理数的混合运算的计算。2、经历“二十四”点游戏,培养学生的探究能力[教学重点]有理数混合运算法则。[教学难点]培养探索思 维方式。【教学过程】情境导入——有理数的混合运算是指一个算式里含有加、减、乘、除、乘方的多种运算.下面的算式里有哪几种运算?3+50÷22×( )-1.有理数混合运算的运算顺序规定如下:1 先算乘方,再算乘除,最后算加减;2 同级运算,按照从左至右的顺序进行;3 如果有括号,就先算小括号里的,再算中括号里的,最后算大括号里的。 加法和减法叫做第一级运算;乘法和除法叫做第二级运算;乘方和开方(今后将会学到)叫做第三级运算。注意:可以应用运算律,适当改变运算顺序,使运算简便.合作探究——
师生共同归纳法则2、异号两数相加,取绝对值较大的加数的符号,并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值。生5:这两天的库存量合计增加了2吨。(+3)+(-1)=+2 或(+8)+(-6)=+2师:会不会出现和为零的情况?提示:可以联系仓库进出货的具体情形。生6:如星期一仓库进货5吨,出货5吨,则库存量为零。(+5)+(-5)=0师生共同归纳法则3、互为相反数的两个数相加得零。师:你能用加法法则来解释法则3吗?生7:可用异号两数相加的法则。一般地还有:一个数同零相加,仍得这个数。小结:运算关键:先分类运算步骤:先确定符号,再计算绝对值做一做:(口答)确定下列各题中和的符号,并说明理由:(1)(+3)+(+7);(2)(-10)+(-3);(3)(+6)+(-5);(4)0+(-5).例 计算下列各式:(1)(-3)+(-4);(2)(-2.5)+5;(3)(-2)+0;(4)(+ )+(- )教法:请四位学生板演,让学生批改并说明理由。