材料一 陈独秀之所以歌颂西方文化,枰击中国文化,目的在提倡民主政治与科学精神,勖勉青年为此两大目的奋斗,赶上世界潮流。专制与迷信为民主、科学之敌,必须首先排除。辟斥儒教是为发展民主政治,辟斥鬼神是为发展科学精神,而于前者尤不留余力。﹣﹣郭廷以《近代中国史纲》材料二:要巩固共和,非先将国民脑子里所有反对共和的旧思想,一一洗刷干净不可。﹣﹣陈独秀《旧思想与国体问题》(1)材料一、二共同反映的事件是什么?(2)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括指出该事件的主要内容。
材料一 欧洲文艺复兴初期四种伟大发明的传入,对现代世界的形成起着重要的作用。造纸术和印刷术替宗教改革开了先路,并使推广民众教育成为可能。火药的发明清除了封建创度,创立了国民军制。指南针的发明导致了发见美洲,因而使全世界而不再是欧洲成为历史舞台。------美国卡特《中国印刷术的发明和它的西传)材料二 德美两国在第二次科技革命中站在了世界的前沿。全民教育为德国培了高素度的国民,大学给德国带来了创造和发明。19世纪的德国引领了第二次工业革命,德国经济出现了跨越式的发展,1910年德国的工业总量超越了所有欧洲国家。美国第一次把专利权写进了宪法,用国家根本大法来保护发明创造,也保护和激发了整个社会的创造热情,第二次工业革命中,美国以重大科枝发明为基础,迅速赶上并超过了欧洲各国,成为世界第一大经济强国。------电视纪录片《大国强起》解说词材料三 中国人民是具有伟大创造精神的民族。邓稼先、袁隆平、钱学森等许多科学家为中国科技的发展做出了重要贡献(1)结合所学知识,从材料一中任选两项发明成果,概括其对世界文明产生的影响。(不得抄材料原文)(4分)(2)根据材料二,分别概括出德国和美国科技发展的原因,并结合所学知识各举出一项发明成果。(8分)
材料一 正当隋唐之际中国封建社会各种典章制度臻于完备时期,大量日本留学生来华学习。他们归国后,自然会将中日两国从多方面加以比较,更易看出日本的差距,要求仿效中国、进行变革的愿望更加强烈,从而加速了大化改新局面的出现。——摘编自田久川《古代中日关系史》材料二 1872年清政府选派的第一批30名留美幼童从上海登船放洋。由于风气未开,广大北方地区没有一人入选,学生都来自东南沿海的省份,特别是广东南海、新会一带。……他们在国外刻苦求学、勤勉自励,大多学有所成。归国后,在教育、外交、工会、军事等领域都做出了重要贡献。——摘编自林文《洋务运动时期留学教育评析》
13.(6分)在人类历史长河中,曾涌现出一大批著名的具有时代象征意义的历史人物。下列是中国近代史上的著名人物。关于其成就的叙述,请在正确项后面的空格里打“√”。错误的打“×” 序号人物 判断①魏源翻译《天演论》,激励人们“自强保种”,救亡图存,反对外来侵略 ②李鸿章在洋务运动中,参与创办江南制造总局,创办轮船招商局 ③梁启超参与发起公车上书,与他人合作创办《万国公报》,宣传维新变法思想 ④孙中山组建兴中会,建立中国同盟会;发起多次反清起义,创建中华民国 ⑤陈独秀在新文化运动中创办《青年杂志》;提出“民主”和“科学”的口号 ⑥张謇担任中国人修建的第一条铁路的工程师,设计出“人”字形铁轨
材料二 中国与印度、美国钢和电产量的比较 中国(1952年产量)印度(1950年产量)美国(1950年产量)钢产量(人均)2.37千克4千克538.3千克发电量(人均)2.76千瓦时10.9千瓦时2949千瓦时----《中国历史》八年级下册
I joineda band (乐队)as a drummer in my middle school. I thought itwould be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy,but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace (节奏)with the other players. Our teacher,Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. Ifelt ashamed (羞愧的)as my teammates watched me fail so many times.Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
【甲】环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰,林壑尤美,望之蔚然而深秀者,琅琊也。山行六七里,渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者,酿泉也。峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。作亭者谁?山之僧智仙也。名之者谁?太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此,饮少辄醉,而年又最高,故自号曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。山水之乐,得之心而寓之酒也。
2020年,联合国发布了一份关于全球气候变化的报告。报告指出,由于气候变化,全球各地的冰原和冰川发生减少。2006年至2015年,平均每年全球海平面上升至少3.6毫米。2020年上半年,二氧化碳等温室气体浓度达到了三百万年以来的最高水平,并且还在持续上升。
牛是家乡的风景。春天的图画里少不了雨、离不开牛、缺不得迎春花。一犁春雨半亩洼,蓑衣斗笠半袖花,春风应时而至,春光烂漫无边,翠绿墨绿嫩绿鹅黄绿,梨花李花桃花栀子花,所有的草叶花蕊、溪流石泉都滴着青春的原汁。
Antarctica is a continent (大陆) of ice. There is hardlyany rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert inthe world. It is also the world’s largest desert by area.
Lu Junling, a security guard from Hebei University, became popularon the Internet. As an ordinary (平凡) person, though Lu Junling is more than 50 years old, hememorizes English vocabulary for CET 6 under the street lights every day justto improve himself. When he is free, he also writes novels and sings operas.That’s not all! Painting, music, kongfu, ancient poems, etc. are all hishobbies. So a number of people call him “treasure security guard (宝藏保安)”. Lu Junling said, “If I want to become an artist, I will alwayswork hard for my dream!” Mr. Lu’s words live in many people’s memory.
The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard.
Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty. He was ____16____ for his hard work andgreat achievements. But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的)boy who showed little ____17____ inreading. As he grew up, Zu Ti ____18____ hedidn’t have enough knowledge.
Du, 23,is a student from Shanghai University. He won third place at the ninth IOIO (国际折纸奥林匹克) in February this year. A total of 803 competitors from 59countries and areas took part in this year’s event.
Choose the best choice fromA to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should beused only once.A: Hello, I’m a schoolnewspaper reporter. May I ask you some questions?B: ____46____
B: It’s about theexperiments three astronauts are doing on the space station.A: That’s great. I’minterested in space, so I want to be an astronaut like them.
Tim: _______36_______,Bob.Bob: Good afternoon, Tim. Icalled you just now, but nobody answered. _______37_______?Tim: I went to the cinema.And I watched a movie named The Battle atLake Changjin.Bob: Oh, great. It’s very famous nowadays. _______38_______?
I often use old clothes that people don’t wearany more to make bags. I opened a small shop in my community and set up awebsite to sell the bags online. Many customers think they are fantastic. Now Iplan to write a new book about ways to use old clothes.
Remember that it’s better to fail than it’s togive up, and the key is to learn from your failure(失败). But along withdifficulties, there will also be ____18____ wonderful waiting for you.