解析:本题是要求两个未知数,即3和4的权.所以应把平均数与方程组综合起来,利用平均数的定义来列方程,组成方程组求解.解:设投进3个球的有x人,投进4个球的有y人,由题意,得3x+4y+5×2=3.5×(x+y+2),0×1+1×2+2×7+3x+4y=2.5×(1+2+7+x+y).整理,得x-y=6,x+3y=18.解得x=9,y=3.答:投进3个球的有9人,投进4个球的有3人.方法总结:利用平均数的公式解题时,要弄清数据及相应的权,避免出错.三、板书设计平均数算术平均数:x=1n(x1+x2+…+xn)加权平均数:x=(x1f1+x2f2+…+xnfn)f1+f2+…fn通过探索算术平均数和加权平均数的联系与区别,培养学生的思维能力;通过有关平均数问题的解决,提升学生的数学应用能力.通过解决实际问题,体会数学与社会生活的密切联系,了解数学的价值,增进学生对数学的理解和增加学好数学的信心.
探究点三:函数的图象洗衣机在洗涤衣服时,每浆洗一遍都经历了注水、清洗、排水三个连续过程(工作前洗衣机内无水).在这三个过程中,洗衣机内的水量y(升)与浆洗一遍的时间x(分)之间函数关系的图象大致为()解析:∵洗衣机工作前洗衣机内无水,∴A,B两选项不正确,淘汰;又∵洗衣机最后排完水,∴D选项不正确,淘汰,所以选项C正确,故选C.方法总结:本题考查了对函数图象的理解能力,看函数图象要理解两个变量的变化情况.三、板书设计函数定义:自变量、因变量、常量函数的关系式三种表示方法函数值函数的图象在教学过程中,注意通过对以前学过的“变量之间的关系”的回顾与思考,力求提供生动有趣的问题情境,激发学生的学习兴趣,并通过层层深入的问题设计,引导学生进行观察、操作、交流、归纳等数学活动.在活动中归纳、概括出函数的概念,并通过师生交流、生生交流、辨析识别等加深学生对函数概念的理解.
已知xm-n+1y与-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同类项,求m和n的值.解析:根据同类项的概念,可列出含字母m和n的方程组,从而求出m和n.解:因为xm-n+1y与-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同类项,所以m-n+1=n-1,①3m-2n-5=1.②整理,得m-2n+2=0,③3m-2n-6=0.④④-③,得2m=8,所以m=4.把m=4代入③,得2n=6,所以n=3.所以当m=4,n=3时,xm-n+1y与-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同类项.方法总结:解这类题,就是根据同类项的定义,利用相同字母的指数分别相等,列方程组求字母的值.三、板书设计用加减法解二元一次方程组的步骤:①变形,使某个未知数的系数绝对值相等;②加减消元;③解一元一次方程;④求另一个未知数的值,得方程组的解.进一步理解二元一次方程组的“消元”思想,初步体会数学研究中“化未知为已知”的化归思想.选择恰当的方法解二元一次方程组,培养学生的观察、分析问题的能力.
1.细讲概念、强化训练要想让学生正确、牢固地树立起算术平方根的概念,需要由浅入深、不断深化的过程.概念是由具体到抽象、由特殊到一般,经过分析、综合去掉非本质特征,保持本质属性而形成的.概念的形成过程也是思维过程,加强概念形成过程的教学,对提高学生的思维水平是很有必要的.概念教学过程中要做到:讲清概念,加强训练,逐步深化.“讲清概念”就是通过具体实例揭露算术平方根的本质特征.算术平方根的本质特征就是定义中指出的:“如果一个正数 的平方等于 ,即 ,那么这个正数 就叫做 的算术平方根,”的“正数 ”,即被开方数是正的,由平方的意义, 也是正数,因此算术平方根也必须是正的.当然零的算术平方根是零.
解析:要在地球仪上确定南昌市的位置,需要知道它的经纬度,故选D.方法总结:本题考查了坐标确定位置,熟记位置的确定需要横向与纵向的两个数据是解题的关键.【类型二】 用“区域定位法”确定位置如图所示是某市区的部分简图,文化宫在D2区,体育场在C4区,据此说明医院在________区,阳光中学在________区.解析:本题首先给出的是表示文化宫和体育场的位置,即D2区和C4区,这就确定了本题中表示建筑物位置的方法,即字母表示列数,数字表示行数.故填A3,D5.方法总结:解此类题先要弄清区域定位法中字母及数字各自表示的含义,再用已知的表示方法来确定相关位置.三、板书设计确定位置有序实数对方位法经纬度区域定位法将现实生活中常用的定位方法呈现给学生,进一步丰富学生的数学活动经验,培养学生观察、分析、归纳、概括的能力.教学过程中创设生动活泼、直观形象、且贴近他们生活的问题情境;另一方面,为学生创造自主学习、合作交流的机会,促使他们主动参与、积极探究.
第一环节感受生活中的情境,导入新课通过若干图片,引导学生感受生活中常常需要确定位置.导入新课:怎样确定位置呢?——§3.1确定位置。第二环节分类讨论,探索新知1.温故启新(1)温故:在数轴上,确定一个点的位置需要几个数据呢? 答:一个,例如,若A点表示-2,B点表示3,则由-2和3就可以在数轴上找到A点和B点的位置。总结得出结论:在直线上, 确定一个点的位置一般需要一个数据.(2)启新:在平面内,又如何确定一个点的位置呢?请同学们根据生活中确定位置的实例,请谈谈自己的看法.2.举例探究Ⅰ. 探究1(1)在电影院内如何找到电影票上指定的位置?(2)在电影票上“6排3号”与“3排6号”中的“6”的含义有什么不同?(3)如果将“6排3号”简记作(6,3),那么“3排6号”如何表示?(5,6)表示什么含义? (4) 在只有一层的电影院内,确定一个座位一般需要几个数据?结论:生活中常常用“排数”和“号数”来确定位置. Ⅱ. 学有所用(1) 你能用两个数据表示你现在所坐的位置吗?
② 命题的含义:判断一件事情的句子,叫做命题,如果一个句子没有对某一件事情作出任何判断,那么它就不是命题.活动目的:通过课后的总结,使学生对定义、命题等概念有更清楚的认识,让学生在头脑中对本节课进行系统的归纳与整理.教学效果:学生在有了前面对定义、特别是命题概念的学习后,能了解命题的结构,以及哪些是命题,使学生对命题的学习有了清楚的认识。第五环节 课后练习学习小组搜集八年级数学课本中的新学的部分定义、命题,看谁找得多.四、教学反思本节课的设计具有如下特点:(1)采用了“小品表演”的形式引入新课,意在激起学生对数学的兴趣,让学生知道,数学不是枯燥无味的。并能从表演中不同的人对“黑客”这个名词的不同理解更好地悟出“定义”的含义。
【类型三】 已知方程组的解,用代入法求待定系数的值 已知x=2,y=1是二元一次方程组ax+by=7,ax-by=1的解,则a-b的值为()A.1 B.-1 C.2 D.3解析:把解代入原方程组得2a+b=7,2a-b=1,解得a=2,b=3,所以a-b=-1.故选B.方法总结:解这类题就是根据方程组解的定义求,即将解代入方程组,得到关于字母系数的方程组,解方程组即可.三、板书设计解二元一,次方程组)基本思路是“消元”代入法解二元一次方程组的一般步骤回顾一元一次方程的解法,借此探索二元一次方程组的解法,使得学生的探究有很好的认知基础,探究显得十分自然流畅.充分体现了转化与化归思想.引导学生充分思考和体验转化与化归思想,增强学生的观察归纳能力,提高学生的学习能力.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接着,……最后,……这是英语中表达做某事的步骤的一种说法。如果步骤较多,还可以说:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你会听到说英语国家的人在说 first, next, then, finally 和后面的内容时,他们会做一些停顿。这样就能提前告诉听者接下来讲的是一系列的步骤。这一点在朗读和听力中应特别注意。2. how many, how much均为疑问词,同是“多少”,但用法不同。请看:how many修饰可数名词复数,how much修饰不可数名词。但在用法上,同学们常犯如下错误:1) [误] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容词,常修饰名词作定语,故后面跟名词。2) [误]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。how many与how much的区别可简记为:前how many:问“多少”,复数名词后面跑;how much问“多少”,不可数名词单数好。前者答语用基数词,后者答语用数量关系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教学内容Section A 1a----1c二、 教学目标1.学习词汇do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教学准备 学生预习本单元所有的词汇多媒体课件 活动表 奖品四、 教学过程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看动画片段《灰姑娘》导如入本课话题和新词汇“chores”美丽善良的鬼姑娘因继母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家务。片段的主题使学生联想到本课的话题。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看图学习动词词组do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目标语Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words这一步是用于热身的,同时也可以让他们复习一部分的表示人体部位的单词,扩充知识.学习语言的过程也是一个不断积累的过程,复习旧知识,增添新知识.通过小游戏,强化学生对Does she/he have…这个句子的运用能力.通过复习,自然的引到下面新知识的学习。充分利用表格,由句子到对话,再到文章,让学生循序渐进. 提高学生的综合语言运用能力,运用以前学过的知识来解决身边的问题.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教学内容与分析:
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…how far from school she lives.…how long it takes to get to school.…how she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽车站 transportation n. 运送;运输Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动. 4. 特殊疑问句(where , when , how long引导) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人称练习对话.
1 交通工具的比较此活动为小组活动。学生通过讨论找出到达某一城市可乘坐的各种交通工具,并选择最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建议:(1)学生以小组为单位展开活动,谈论本组所选择的交通工具。(2)各组选代表向全班汇报,阐述本组所选择的交通工具的利和弊。完成任务所需要的语言结构:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪个城市更合适?此活动具有挑战性。假设中国要举行2014年世界杯足球赛,分别从历史,人文,天气等方面对各城市(北京,大连,上海,昆明)进行比较,选择最佳举办城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
教学重点和难点:运用所掌握的语言描述,比较不同地点的特点。在练习中学习掌握英语比较级和最高级的用法。课前准备分配小组,每组五至六人。通过上网或翻阅报刊杂志等方法,确定旅游线路,做出基本的旅游计划。教学设计:本节课流程图 学法指导:1.由于这是一堂新课,在教学中应注意面向全体,发挥学生的主体性,引导学生积极参与,激发学生的求知欲和学习积极性,指导学生积极思维,主动获取知识,养成良好的学习方法。逐步学会独立解决问题。总之要尽可能调动学生的非智力因素促进智力因素的发展。教法选择:1.电化教学法2.课堂讨论法3.任务型教学法采用这些方法的目的是为了充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生变被动学习为主动学习。通过电脑形象的演示,加强印象,提高兴趣,突破难点,提高教学效率,进而增大教学的容量和信息量。充分体现教师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则。
教学目标1.知识目标:(1)学习What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)学会用英语描述有关职业的表达法。2.能力目标:(1)能够谈论为实现理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能够谈论未来自己与他人理想的职业及原因。(3)能用英语描述课余时间的活动安排,最终具备表达综合信息的能力。3.情感目标:新学期到来之际,让他们在学习、体育、饮食、特长、读书等方面制定计划,教育学生合理安排自己的课外生活,思考自己的理想职业及适合自己的职业。教学重点、难点本单元的重点为“be going to”表将来,want to be, what,where, when,how引导的特殊疑问句。难点是语言目标的实现。教材分析本单元以I am going to be a basketball player为话题,共设计了三部分的内容:一、Section A该部分有4个模块。第一模块围绕Do you think these jobs are interesting?这一话题展开思维(1a)、听力(1b)、口语(1c)训练;
初读课文,学习字词。 1.提出读书要求:默读课文,一边读一边画出不认识的字和不理解的词,并借助词典等学习工具书理解。 2.教师检查学生学习情况。 (1)检查生字读音。 小丘( qiū)渲染(xuàn )迂回( yū)蒙古包( měng ) 襟飘带舞( jīn )鄂温克(è) (2)指导易混淆的字。 “襟”是左右结构,左边是“衤”,与衣服有关,表示衣服胸前的部分。 “涩”是左右结构,右边下面是“止”,不能写成“上”。 “裳”下面是“衣”,与衣服有关。 “微”:中间部分不能少一横。 (3)理解较难的词语。 ①联系上下文理解词语。 草原上行车十分洒脱,只要方向不错,怎么走都可以。 “洒脱”的意思是:潇洒自然,不拘束。这个词语反映了草原的广阔无边。 ②理解“襟飘带舞”一词的意思,可以出示蒙古族鲜艳的服装来分析,意思是:衣襟和裙带随风舞动。 ③“翠色欲流”一词可以从难字入手理解,比如“欲”在这里表示“将要”的意思,“翠色欲流”就是绿得太浓了,将要流下来,写出了草原的绿,是充满生命力的。 ④鄂温克:我国少数民族之一,聚居在内蒙古自治区的东北部。
一、知识和能力目标本单元要求学生掌握英文字母A—H,能认读其印刷体和手写体字母的大小写等四种形式。书写(大写和小写,笔顺,笔画)基本合乎要求。能看,听,说本单元所列的日常交际用语,重点学会打招呼,并做到语音语调正确。注意一些字母及日常交际用语的发音,提醒学生不要将C/si:/发成/sei:/; ?/发成/e?/,也不要将Good?H /e /等。??????'????说成/???????'???morning/二、过程和方法目标教师要尽量用英语组织教学。充分利用课堂的40分钟,不讲或少讲汉语,尽量给学生创造英语情景。教师可以用手势,表情,动作等示意,帮助学生听懂课堂用语和日常交际用语,第一次介绍某个用语时,说英语,加译文及手势,以后可酌情省去译文,最后只说英语,逐步让学生听懂。