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2015年中考真题精品解析 语文 （山东济南卷） 精编word版（原卷版）
⑦在仰韶文化时期，我国就有了对竹利用的确切记载。竹自竹简、珠笔到竹纸，在保存和传播我们中华民族的古老文化上立下了汗马功劳。以竹为题材的诗词歌赋，用竹编织和雕刻的艺术品，竹制的笙管笛箫奏出的音乐，无不给人类美的享受。⑧在我国文化史上，竹蕴含着中华民族重要的精神价值。人们在长期的劳动实践和文化活动中，把竹的生物特征逐渐升华为一种做人的美德。竹四季常青，不畏逆境，和松、梅并誉为“岁寒三友”；竹中空外直，虚怀若谷，和梅、兰、菊并称为“四君子”。⑨无论是魏晋嵇康、向秀等“竹林七贤”，还是唐朝李白、韩准等“竹溪六逸”，莫不对竹有一份执着和憧憬，清代郑板桥，与竹为邻，以竹为友，爱竹、写竹、画竹、赞竹。“千磨万击还坚韧，任尔东西南北风”，正是他坚忍不拔、超凡脱俗的人格写照。
2015年中考真题精品解析 语文（黑龙江大庆卷）精编word版（原卷版）
①2014年年中，世界卫生组织（WHO）公布了《2013年全球气候状况报告》。报告显示，2013年全球陆地和海洋表面平均温度为14．5℃，比1961-1990年的平均温度升高0．5℃。自有温度记录以来，全球14个最热年份中有13个出现在本世纪，而过去30年中每个10年都比前十年更热。②厄尔尼诺是发生在热带太平洋上海温异常增暖的气候现象，大范围热带太平洋增暖会造成全球气候变化。进入20世纪70年代后，全球出现的异常天气，都有范围广、灾情重、时间长等特点，而在这一系列异常天气的背后，厄尔尼诺暖流都起着重要作用。
2016年中考真题精品解析 语文（山东济南卷）精编word版（原卷版）
青蒿素治疗疟疾效果显著，是抵抗疟疾耐药性最好的药物。中国发现青蒿素时，美国也研制出一种抗疟新药—化学合成的甲氟喹，但疟原虫很快就适应了它，产生耐药性，临床使用后患者还出现了明显的不良反应。而对于青蒿素这种从中草药中提取的药物，疟原虫对它完全没有抵抗能力。1976 年1月，柬埔寨爆发疟疾，因疟原虫已经产生耐药性，疫情一时难以控制。中国医疗队携带一批青蒿素在柬埔寨大显神威，挽救了一大批疟疾患者的生命。
人教版高中数学选择性必修二导数的概念及其几何意义教学设计
新知探究前面我们研究了两类变化率问题：一类是物理学中的问题，涉及平均速度和瞬时速度；另一类是几何学中的问题，涉及割线斜率和切线斜率。这两类问题来自不同的学科领域，但在解决问题时，都采用了由“平均变化率”逼近“瞬时变化率”的思想方法；问题的答案也是一样的表示形式。下面我们用上述思想方法研究更一般的问题。探究1： 对于函数y=f(x) ，设自变量x从x_0变化到x_0+ ?x ，相应地，函数值y就从f(x_0)变化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。这时， x的变化量为?x，y的变化量为?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我们把比值?y/?x，即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函数从x_0到x_0+?x的平均变化率。1．导数的概念如果当Δx→0时，平均变化率ΔyΔx无限趋近于一个确定的值，即ΔyΔx有极限，则称y＝f (x)在x＝x0处____，并把这个________叫做y＝f (x)在x＝x0处的导数(也称为__________)，记作f ′(x0)或________，即
人教版新课标高中物理必修1牛顿第三定律说课稿2篇
问：为什么会出现这样的情况，男女生之间的拉力存在着怎样的大小关系？进一步求证这两个力的大小关系经过共同讨论，得方案：把两个弹簧秤勾在一起，重现拔河比赛，分三种情况进行。（通过摄像头把弹簧秤的读数放大）两弹簧称勾在一起拉，处于静止不动时（即拔河比赛，双方处于僵持状态）两弹簧称勾在一起拉，并向一方运动（即比赛绳子被拉向一方时的状态）3、两弹簧称勾在一起拉，一方方向慢慢改变（两力方向始终在一条直线上）实验结论：两弹簧称的读数的变化总是相同的，大小相等，方向相反。得到牛顿第三定律：追问：既然两个力大小相等，那么拔河比赛为什么还存在胜负之分？讲清作用力与反作用力作用的受力物体不同，并和学生讨论如何做才会获胜。回应课前问题：“以卵击石”为什么鸡蛋碎？
人教版新课标高中物理必修2能量守恒定律与能源说课稿3篇
（3）内陆和中西部城镇主要以煤和火电为主；广大农村和边远地区大多正从使用农作物秸秆等生物能源。（4）人均能源资源不足。我国是世界第三大能源生产国和第二大能源消费国，而我国能源短缺，特别是油气资源短缺已成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素。相关数据——煤炭、石油和天然气的人均资源占有量只有95t，世界平均值为209t，约是世界人均值的1/2；我国人均石油可采储量3t，世界平均值为28t，约为世界平均值的1/10。我国人均能源消费量不足1.2吨标准煤，居世界89位，不足世界人均能源消费水平的一半，仅占发达国家的1/5～1/10。其中人均消费650kg标准煤，是世界平均额的95%；人均消费石油相当145kg标准煤，为世界平均数的16.8%；人均消费天然气相当17.7kg标准煤，为世界平均数的3.9%；人均消费电力501.5kWh，为世界平均水平的25%。（5）是能源消费结构不合理，突出存在着一低两高：即电能消费比例低，非商品生物能源消费量高，一次性商品能源消费中原煤消费比重高。原煤消费达到75%，远高于26.2%的世界平均水平。
人教版新课标高中物理必修2验证机械能守恒定律说课稿
一、 教材分析与学情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书必修2第七章第九节。本节内容安排在学习机械能守恒定律之后的目的，是为了使学生在理论上对机械能守恒定律有所了解的基础上，通过实验测量及对实验数据的分析处理，对机械能守恒定律及条件有深刻的认识。学情分析知识层面：学生已经掌握了动能、重力势能等概念以及动能定理、机械能守恒定律等定理、定律；知道功是能量转换的量度以及机械能守恒的条件。能力层面：学生已具备一定的实验操作技能，会用打点计时器以及直尺等实验仪器。具备一定的数据处理能力。二、教学目标与重点、难点教学目标知识与技能：1、会用打点计时器打下的纸带计算物体运动的速度。2、掌握验证机械能守恒定律的实验原理。
人教版新课标高中物理必修2万有引力定律说课稿2篇
学生中存在这样的问题：既然宇宙间的一切物体都是相互吸引的，那么为什么没有吸引到一起？为了解决这个问题，安排了例题2例2、两物体质量都是1kg，相距1m，它们间的万有引力是多少？通过本题，让学生认识到一般物体间的引力极小，不用考虑。那么，质量很大的天体为什么没被吸引到一块？从而引出下节课题。4.课堂小结：本节课，从天体运动出发，通过推理证明，形成理性认识，再结合例题习题使学生的理性认识再反馈到具体事实。形成实践-理论-实践的认知循环，顺应了认知规律.。本共设计了很多问，能让学生想的尽量让学生想、能学生说的尽量让学生说、能让学生做的尽量让学生做，全面发展学生的各方面能力。再通过作业和探究性课题使学生的思维活动在时空上得以延续。5.布置作业：布置作业时刻意安排引入：万有引力、重力、向心力、三者的联系，通过引导学生对比结果，从中发现问题：万有引力与重力向心力的关系与区别，为下节知识的难点突破作好了铺垫。
人教版新课标高中物理必修1牛顿第二定律说课稿2篇
进一步引导学生思考利用数学知识可写成等式F=kma学生很自然就会思考比列系数K应该是多少？通过教师引导学生举例各国长度单位不同（如英国：英里、码、英尺、英寸；中国：市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 ）导致交流不便。为了适应各国交流需要国际计量局规定了一套统一的单位，称为国际单位制 。取不同的单位制K是不同的，为了简洁方便，在选取了质量和加速度的国际单位（Kg, m/s2)时规定K=1。那么就有；F=ma为了纪念牛顿，就把能使1kg物体获得1m/s2加速度的力称做一牛顿，用符号N表示问题：实际物体受力往往不止一个，多个力情况应该怎么办呢？平行四边形法则进一步引导学生得出牛顿第二定律更一般的表达式: F合=ma思考.讨论我们用力提一个很重的箱子，却提不动它。这个力产生了加速度吗？要是产生了，箱子的运动状态却并没有改变。为什么？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构：to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的，还可以用来作定语，表修饰。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教学设计二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking&Talking教学设计一
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
人教版高中数学选择性必修二导数的四则运算法则教学设计
求函数的导数的策略(1)先区分函数的运算特点，即函数的和、差、积、商，再根据导数的运算法则求导数；(2)对于三个以上函数的积、商的导数，依次转化为“两个”函数的积、商的导数计算．跟踪训练1 求下列函数的导数：(1)y＝x2＋log3x； (2)y＝x3·ex； (3)y＝cos xx.[解] (1)y′＝(x2＋log3x)′＝(x2)′＋(log3x)′＝2x＋1xln 3.(2)y′＝(x3·ex)′＝(x3)′·ex＋x3·(ex)′＝3x2·ex＋x3·ex＝ex(x3＋3x2)．(3)y′＝cos xx′＝?cos x?′·x－cos x·?x?′x2＝－x·sin x－cos xx2＝－xsin x＋cos xx2.跟踪训练2 求下列函数的导数（1）y＝tan x； （2）y＝2sin x2cos x2解析：（1）y＝tan x＝sin xcos x，故y′＝?sin x?′cos x－?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2＝cos2x＋sin2xcos2x＝1cos2x.（2）y＝2sin x2cos x2＝sin x，故y′＝cos x.例5 日常生活中的饮用水通常是经过净化的，随着水的纯净度的提高，所需进化费用不断增加，已知将1t水进化到纯净度为x%所需费用（单位：元），为c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求进化到下列纯净度时，所需进化费用的瞬时变化率：（1） 90% ；（2） 98%解：净化费用的瞬时变化率就是净化费用函数的导数；c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
人教版新课标高中物理必修2探究弹性势能的表达式说课稿4篇
设疑自探：一个压缩或拉伸的弹簧就是一个“储能器”，怎样衡量形变弹簧蕴含能量的多少呢？弹簧的弹性势能的表达式可能与那几个物理量有关？类比：物体的重力势能与物体所受的重力和高度有关。那么弹簧的弹性势能可能与所受弹力的大小和在弹力方向上的位置变化有关，而由F=kl知弹簧所受弹力等于弹簧的劲度系数与形变量的乘积。预测：弹簧的弹性势能与弹簧的劲度系数和形变量有关。学生讨论如何设计实验： ①、用同一根弹簧在几次被压缩量不同时释放（劲度系数相同，改变形变量），观察小车被弹开的情况。②、分别用两根弹簧在被压缩量相同时释放（形变量相同，劲度系数不同），观察小车被弹开的情况。交流探究结果：弹性势能随弹簧形变量增大而增大。随弹簧的劲度系数的增大而增大。
人教版高中生物必修1物质跨膜运输的实例说课稿
（四）、成果交流教师出示成熟植物细胞图，提出原生质层的概念，小组交流，教师点拨，得出结论：1、原生质层相当于半透膜2、外界溶液浓度大于细胞液浓度---细胞失水（质壁分离）3、外界溶液浓度小于细胞液浓度---细胞失水（质壁分离复原）教师出示有关细胞选择性吸收离子的数据资料。引导学生发现并探究出不同植物对同一离子吸收量不同，同一植物对不同离子吸收量也不同，得出结论：4、细胞膜具有选择透过性（五）拓展延伸如何用已有知识和技能鉴别两种蔗糖溶液浓度的大小？用0.1g/mg 0.8g/mg的蔗糖溶液分别做前面的探究实验会有什么不同的结果？你得出的结论是什么？引导学生总结出发生质壁分离和质壁分离复原的条件。五、板书设计好的板书就像一份微型教案，此板书力图全面而简明的将授课内容传递给学生，清晰直观，便于学生理解和记忆，理清文章脉络。
人教版高中生物必修1物质跨膜运输的方式说课稿
(4)提出问题:三种运输方式有哪些异同 组织学生分析填表,反馈和纠正.提出问题:影响自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输速度的主要因素各是什么 画出细胞对某物的自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输速度随细胞外浓度的改变而变化的曲线图组织学生分组讨论,并作图,展示各组的成果.教学说明:本环节巩固理论知识是对课本知识扩展和对重点,难点内容的深入理解和总结,只有理解了三种运输方式的异同,才能完成本环节教学任务,既突显书本知识,又培养学生的团结协作的精神,提高学生制做图表的能力和抽象化思维能力的形成.2.大分子的运输引导学生回忆分泌蛋白的分泌过程,得出胞吐现象,提出问题:那大家知道白细胞是如何吃掉病菌的吗 显示有关图片.强调:胞吞和胞吐作用都需要能量提出问题:胞吞和胞吐体现了细胞膜结构的特点是什么 与书本前面知识相联系.(四)技能训练指导学生就《技能训练》部分进行讨论五,反馈练习1.教师小结几种运输方式,特别是自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输的特点