【课堂小结】本课主要讲述俄国十月革命后进行经济建设,并在建设中进行社会主义探索,期间先后出现了战时共产主义政策、新经济政策和斯大林模式,这些政策和体制的产生都是历史和当时现实有关,但也反映出在建设社会主义中既有成功的也由重大失误,主要在于缺乏现成的政策和模式可供借鉴,更在于理论上的缺乏。斯大林模式的形成同苏联当时社会生产力的发展水平相适应,它在初期和战争时期曾发挥了巨大作用,使苏联成为强大的社会主义国家。它建立的高度集中的计划经济体制和新型的工业化模式是苏联进行社会主义建设中的探索和创新,对二战后社会主义国家产生了深刻影响,促进这些国家国民经济的恢复和发展,形成了足以同资本主义相抗衡的社会主义阵营。但是,它没有解决社会主义民主政治建设和经济运行的一系列根本问题,违背了列宁关于把文化经济建设当作工作重心的指示,仍把政治斗争放在第一位。
1、汉武帝尊儒的措施:(1)政治方面:起用很多儒学家参与国家大政。他规定,地方定期选出孝子、廉吏当中央任官,甚至还擢升平民、儒士为相。这明显扩大了官员的队伍,提高了官员的文化素质,巩固了封建统治基础,成为汉武帝文治武功的重要组成部分。也给后世封建王朝在用人方式方法上面提供了宝贵的借鉴和启迪。(2)思想方面:采纳董仲舒的建议,“罢黜百家 独尊儒术”(3)教育方面:儒家经典“五经”为国家规定的教科书。兴办太学和设立地方学校进行儒学教育。公元前136年,汉武帝正式规定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》为“五经”;前124年,又在长安兴办太学,规定太学生员为博士弟子,一律由儒家五经博士负责教授,学完经考试合格后即可到政府任官。这是封建国家利用政权的力量兴办教育、提倡儒学,其必然对整个社会的教育事业有一定的导向作用。
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
1. 标题首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报, 首先要引出话题, 其次列出原因, 最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报, 要写明具体内容, 如: 活动内容, 地点以及参加活动的注意事项, 主持或举办单位等。1. 图片: 要选择引人注目的图片, 与主题要相关, 色彩明亮。话题句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我国的国宝。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因为人类的活动, 老虎处于濒危的状态。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动物面临着灭绝的危险。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃惊, 目前中国仅有不足1 000只江豚。
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(说话时,并不一定正在进行)3.表示一种经常性的被动行为,常和always,constantly 等表示频度的副词连用,这种用法常常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4.表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作(仅限于少数及物动词)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时, 其中的介词不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2.可与部分情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的事情的推测。She may be being punished by her mother.3.有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4.某些表示“状态、心理活动、存在”等的动词,如have,want,need,love,一般不用现在进行时的被动语态,而常用一般现在时的被动语态。With the population increasing,more land is needed.5.“be+under/in+n.”可表示现在进行时的被动意义。My computer is under repair.=My computer is being repaired.
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
板书:多民族文化对中华文化的意义师:中华民族是多民族的共同体,中华文化呈现多种民族文化的丰富色彩。中华各民族的文化,既有中华文化的共性,又有各自的民族特性。它们都是中华文化的瑰宝,都是中华民族的骄傲。各兄弟民族文化相互交融、相互促进,共同创造了中华文化。各族人民对共同拥有的中华文化的认同感和归属感,显示了中华民族厚重的文化底蕴和强大的民族凝聚力。问题探究8温家宝总理在美国会见华侨时满怀深情地说,中国已解决了香港问题和澳门问题,洗刷了百年耻辱,现在剩下一个台湾问题,“这一湾浅浅的海峡是我们最大的乡愁、最大的国殇”。用有关知识分析:为什么“这一湾浅浅的海峡是我们最大的乡愁、最大的国殇”?生1:台湾是中国的一部分,台湾各族人民是中华民族的一部分,台湾文化归属于中华文化。生2:传统的民族文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带。
2、学生分析 九十年代初期出生的孩子,生活在一个充满活力的时代,张扬个性成为他(她)们的主旋律。面对这一时代的学生,沟通需要用心、用技巧,那也是一门艺术。高中学生的心理日趋成熟,有一定的知识积累,且比较丰富;语言逻辑性强,有较强的参与意识,求知欲望及表现欲望。学生主体参与的充分,表现在其主动性,积极性得到极大的调动。这与教师的主导作用是分不开的。本课教案就是要引导学生自己先阅读书本、独立思考、激发学生思维,引导学生各抒己见,让学生自己得出解答问题的结论,不追求答案的唯一。充分体现了读书是一种个体行为,每个学生有不同的体验。教师应跳出教案的问题模式,和学生一道去创造地发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,在成功中寻找快乐、在快乐中更加成功。同时特别注重创设的情景的选择性,有针对性和实效性,引导学生们积极、主动参与,使他们的潜能、智慧得出充分挖掘、展示。只有当学生们在课堂上表现出来的独特的、有创意的设计见解,学生主体参与和教师主导二者完美结合,才能表明该课的设计卓有成效。
师:同学们这个暑假过得真不错呀,都有自己最开心的日子。同学们经历的这些活动,让你们自己长了知识,丰富了阅历,你们今天的介绍,也让我和更多的同学大开了眼界。由此可见,在今天,通过亲身参与、实践,通过网络、电影,通过交流发言,大家获得了许多新的信息、知识,增强了对祖国美好河山的热爱、对科技的向往和异国的友谊。同学们信息交流的过程,实际上也是文化传播的过程。板书课题:第二课时文化在交流中传播话题导入讨论话题:如何建设文明校园?(课前准备:要求同学们仔细观察、了解关于校园文明现象的问题,并就如何建设文明校园提出自己的建议。教师可按自然组,让学生推选一名代表发言,就校园文明方面谈谈存在的问题和不足,或提出一些中肯的改进意见)(学生交流)生1:建设文明校园,首先要净化语言环境,我们学校不少同学爱说脏话,与文明校园很不相称。
师:在科学发展过程中,前一个理论体系的不完善之处,往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后,意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜,用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外,伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究,哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验?生:(讲述这一实验)师:所以,伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。(2)实验科学和唯物主义师:伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法,而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父,培根还有一句影响深刻的名言:“知识就是力量”,表明了他注重知识,尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想,是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹?
3、问题设计:文化除了影响人们的交往行为和交往方式外,还影响人们的什么?4、师生总结得出结论:文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。设计意图:通过主题的指引,让学生查阅并说说中国传统节日的来源、传说和意义。这是基于丰富课程资源的设计,将生活和学习领域的多种资源纳入课程的范畴,在活动中自主建构知识,并在教师的引导下,提高分析和解决问题能力,培养热爱祖国的思想感情,突破本框题第二个重点。过渡设问:文化对人影响有什么特点?设计意图:通过问题提示,集中学生的注意力,导入下一个环节的教学。环节三:文化对人潜移默化的影响。教案:1、多媒体播放“孟母三迁”故事动画片。2、讨论问题:“孟母三迁”的故事给我们什么启示?3、师生总结得出结论:文化对人具有潜移默化的影响。设计意图:“孟母三迁”的故事学生比较熟悉,而且这个故事的思想教育性较强。
PPT:文化创新的途径环节二:(展示情境 探究问题)情境一:先后展示徐悲鸿的《奔马图》和《愚公移山》设计意图:在作品的选择上遵循由易到难,由感性到理性的原则让同学们从中体会作者的创作情怀,比较两幅图表达的心境不同之处及其原因。探究一:从创作背景的不同,探究文化创新的根本途径。PPT:(设问)1、为什么同一画家在不同时期,作品所反映的内容不同?2、从中我们可看出,文化创新的根本途径是什么?设计意图:引导学生分析时代的变化对人们的社会实践的影响,因而文化工作者在体验生活的过程中创作的作品意境也会不同,培养学生透过现象看本质的能力,得出文化创新的根本途径是社会实践。教师过渡:在社会实践中,徐悲鸿先生还有什么创作的成功秘诀吗?探究二:从创作心得的展示,探究文化创新的重要途径(PPT)徐悲鸿一生致力于国画的创新实践,他认为革新中国绘画的要旨在于:“古法之佳者,守之;不佳者,改之;垂绝者,继之;未足者,增之;西方画之可采入者,融之。” 设计意图:通过阅读材料,培养学生寻找关键词的能力,并从中总结归纳文化创新的重要途径----继承传统、推陈出新。
一、教学目标:基于对教材的理解和分析,根据《课程标准》和学生的知识水平及认知特点。我制定了这样的教学目标。(1)知识目标:理解社会实践的发展是文化创新的动力和源泉,认识文化创新的作用以及文化创新在新时代的价值和作用。(2)能力目标:能够分析事例,说明社会实践是文化创作和发展的重要根源,从而培养学生的比较分析能力、辩证思维能力(3)情感态度与价值观目标:通过本框教学,使学生明确文化创新的重大作用,激发学生投身建设中国特色社会主义伟大实践而进行文化创新的热情,从而培养学生的创新精神、爱国情感和民族自豪感,增强学生进行文化创新的责任感和使命感。二、教材分析本框题内容包括情景导入--不尽的源泉,情景分析--巨大的作用、深刻的意义和情景回归--呼唤文化创新的时代三个目题。其内在的逻辑关系是由第一目题导入社会实践是文化创新的源泉,也是文化创新的动力的观点,第二目是对文化创新的作用进行理论上的分析。第三目情景回归,当今时代呼唤文化创新。
2、文化反作用经济政治师:经济政治决定文化,那么,文化不是被动消极的呢?生:思考回答:文化反作用经济政治,不同的文化对经济政治的影响不同。师:文化反作用经济政治,对社会发展有重要影响。文化反作用表现在,文化可以为经济政治的发展,对社会的发展,提供方向保证、智力支持和精神动力。(1)文化反作用的体现。师:现代民主国家中,世界民主的先驱是英国,但英国却有国王,亚洲民主的先驱是日本,但日本却有天皇,其一个重要原因是文化的影响。这说明什么?生:思考发言……师:不同民族的文化,影响不同民族和国家的历史和发展道路。师:中东地区一直以来都是世界热点地区,如巴以冲突、伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争、基地组织等,其一个重要原因是宗教文化的冲突。这说明什么?生:思考发言……师:不同文化的冲突,影响社会的和谐安定和世界的和平安宁。
(5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.观察下列句子特点,总结共同点。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?