⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
一、教材分析在初中阶段,物理量单位的学习是学生较为困惑的问题之一。前面关于1N的规定给学生的印象总好像是有些随意。尤其是牛顿、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等单位的规定。使得学生感动物理太复杂。事实上,只有把单位制放在整个物理学框架中加以认识,并且知识有了一定的积累。经历了充分的学习过程后才能体会物理量单位的命名和使用规则。体会到其中对一些单位进行规定的合理性和方便特征。物理学单位中,有很少几个基本物理量,它们的单位就是基本单位。在进行了这种选定之后,其它物理量的单位就是根据它的定义式,有所选择的其他物理量的单位共同确定的。国际单位制的建立和使用,不仅方便了国际间的交流,也逐渐成为科学研究中计算和运用的一种规范约束。中学生应该注意学习,逐步习惯,在记录、表达和计算中规范使用。二、教学目标(一)知识与技能1.了解什么是单位制,知道力学中的三个基本单位;2.认识单位制在物理计算中的作用
1. 课前观看视频《物理学与人类文明》2. 分组讨论,派代表发言,谈学习感受。主要是物理的地位,物理的学习方法。3. 高中物理与初中物理在内容和方法上的区别高中物理除了现象、概念和规律之外还应该关注研究问题的方法,学会从先想到抽象,从定性到定量研究问题,学会用数学方法解决物理问题,学会实验探究,学会独立分析问题解决问题的思维习惯。4. 高中物理学习的基本要求高中物理学习应该“重视实验,勤于思考”和“经历过程,体验方法”。高中物理学习与初中物理学习虽然有一定区别,但也不是孤立的,要继续坚持初中物理学习中积累的学习方法和体会,重视从正反两个方面加以总结和提炼,做到:(1) 认真阅读,学会自学要学好物理,就要认真阅读课本。阅读课本是要抓住关键词语,弄清语句间的逻辑顺序和因果关系,领会文章段落所表达的物理内容,掌握课本叙述物理问题的表达方法。
八、物理学的基础地位及物理学对人类文明、社会进步的影响。(1) 情景一:磁悬浮实验:找两个空心的圆柱片磁铁,同名磁极相对,穿在同一根竹筷上,用手压下上面的磁铁,松手观察它的运动情况。问题1:上面的磁铁为什么会跳起来,为什么会悬浮在下面的磁铁上方?问题2:根据这个实验,你会想到那一种交通工具?总结:人们就是从磁悬浮现象中得到启发,进行磁悬浮列车的研究和制造的,这说明物理学在推动社会进步、人类文明方面起到推动作用。(2) 情景二:感应起电和火花放电实验:用感应起电机或感应圈产生火花放电,让学生观察现象,闻气味,然后联想生活实例。还可以用一张纸试着挡住放电的弧光,最好能引燃纸张,说明雷击引起火灾的现象。问题1:你看、听到了什么现象?问题2:根据这个实验,你会想到那一种自然现象?问题3:放电发生在什么地方?为什么建筑物上方都有尖尖的设置,是干什么用的?问题4:你闻到什么气味了吗?
1、 如图4-25,将一个圆分成三个大小相同的扇形,你能算出它们的圆心角的度数吗?你知道每个扇形的面积和整个圆的面积的关系吗?与同伴进行交流2、 画一个半径是2cm的圆,并在其中画一个圆心为60º的扇形,你会计算这个扇形的面积吗?与同伴交流。教师对答案进行汇总,讲解本题解题思路:1、 因为一个圆被分成了大小相同的扇形,所以每个扇形的圆心角相同,又因为圆周角是360º,所以每个扇形的圆心角是360º÷3=120º,每个扇形的面积为整个圆的面积的三分之一。2、 先求出这个圆的面积S=πR²=4π,60÷360=1/6扇形面积=4π×1/6=2π/3【设计意图】运用小组合作交流的方式,既培养了学生的合作意识和能力,又达到了互帮互助以弱带强的目的,使学习比较吃力的同学也能参与到学习中来,体现了学生是学习的主体。
1.了解“两点之间,线段最短”.2.能借助尺、规等工具比较两条线段的大小,能用圆规作一条线段等于已知线段.3.了解线段的中点及线段的和、差、倍、分的意义,并能根据条件求出线段的长.一、情境导入爱护花草树木是我们每个人都应具备的优秀品质.从教学楼到图书馆,总有少数同学不走人行道而横穿草坪(如图),同学们,你觉得这样做对吗?为了解释这种现象,学习了下面的知识,你就会知道.二、合作探究探究点一:线段长度的计算【类型一】 根据线段的中点求线段的长如图,若线段AB=20cm,点C是线段AB上一点,M、N分别是线段AC、BC的中点.(1)求线段MN的长;(2)根据(1)中的计算过程和结果,设AB=a,其它条件不变,你能猜出MN的长度吗?请用简洁的话表达你发现的规律.
教学反思: 1.本课时设计的主导思想是:将数形结合的思想渗透给学生,使学生对数与形有一个初步的认识.为将来的学习打下基础,这节课是一堂起始课,它为学生的思维开拓了一个新的天地.在传统的教学安排中,这节课的地位没有提到一定的高度,只是交给学生比较线段的方法,没有从数形结合的高度去认识.实际上这节课大有可讲,可以挖掘出较深的内容.在教知识的同时,交给学生一种很重要的数学思想.这一点不容忽视,在日常的教学中要时时注意.2.学生在小学时只会用圆规画圆,不会用圆规去度量线段的大小以及截取线段,通过这节课,学生对圆规的用法有一个新的认识.3.在课堂练习中安排了度量一些三角形的边的长度,目的是想通过度量使学生对“两点之间线段最短”这一结论有一个感性的认识,并为下面的教学做一个铺垫.
1.经历从不同方向观察物体的活动过程,发展空间观念.2.在观察的过程中,初步体会从不同方向观察同一物体可能看到不同的形状.3.能识别从三个方向看到的简单物体的形状,会画立方体及简单组合体从三个方向看到的形状,并能根据看到的形状描述基本几何体或实物原型.一、情境导入观察图中不同方向拍摄的庐山美景.你能从苏东坡《题西林壁》诗句:“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同.不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中.”体验出其中的意境吗?你能挖掘出其中蕴含的数学道理吗?让我们一起探索新知吧!二、合作探究探究点一:从不同的方向看物体如图所示的几何体是由一些小正方体组合而成的,从上面看到的平面图形是()解析:这个几何体从上面看,共有2行,第一行能看到3个小正方形,第二行能看到2个小正方形.故选D.
【教学目标】1.经历从不同方向观察物体的活动过程,发展空间观念;能在与他人交流的过程中,合理清晰地表达自己的思维过程.2.在观察的过程中,初步体会从不同方向观察同一物体可能看到不同的图形.3.能识别简单物体的三视图,会画立方体及其简单组合体的三视图.【基础知识精讲】1.主视图、左视图、俯视图的定义从不同方向观察同一物体,从正面看到的图叫主视图,从左面看到的图叫左视图,从上面看到的图叫做俯视图.2.几种几何体的三视图(1)正方体:三视图都是正方形.圆锥的主视图、左视图都是三角形,而俯视图的图中有一个点表示圆锥的顶点,因为从上往下看圆锥时先看到圆锥的顶点,再看到底面的圆.3.如何画三视图 当用若干个小正方体搭成新的几何体,如何画这个新的几何体的三视图?
(1)请你用代数式表示水渠的横断面面积;(2)计算当a=3,b=1时,水渠的横断面面积.解析:(1)根据梯形面积=12(上底+下底)×高,即可用含有a、b的代数式表示水渠横断面面积;(2)把a=3、b=1带入到(1)中求出的代数式中,其结果即为水渠的横断面面积.解:(1)∵梯形面积=12(上底+下底)×高,∴水渠的横断面面积为:12(a+b)b(m2);(2)当a=3,b=1时水渠的横断面面积为12(3+1)×1=2(m2).方法总结:解答本题时需搞清下列几个问题:(1)题目中给出的是什么图形?(2)这种图形的面积公式是什么?(3)根据公式求图形的面积需要知道哪几个量?(4)这些量是否已知或能求出?搞清楚了这些问题,求解就水到渠成.三、板书设计教学过程中,应通过活动使学生感知代数式运算在判断和推理上的意义,增强学生学习数学的兴趣,培养学生积极的情感和态度,为进一步学习奠定坚实的基础.
解 由题意可得,今年的年产值为a·(1+10%) 亿元,于是明年的年产值为a·(1+10%)·(1+10%)= 1.21a(亿元).若去年的年产值为2亿元,则明年的年产值为1.21a =1.21×2 = 2.42(亿元).答:该企业明年的年产值将能达到1.21a亿元.由去年的年产值是2亿元,可以预计明年的年产值是2.42亿元.例3 当x=-3时,多项式mx3+nx-81的值是10,当x = 3时,求该代数式的值.解 当x=-3时,多项式mx3+nx-81=-27m-3n-81, 此时-27m-3n-81=10, 所以27m+3n=-91.则当x=3,mx3+nx-81 =( 27m+3n )-81=-91-81=-172.注:本题采用了一种重要的数学思想——“整体思想”.即是考虑问题时不是着眼于他的局部特征,而是把注意力和着眼点放在问题的整体结构上,把一些彼此独立,但实质上又相互紧密联系着的量作为整体来处理的思想方法.