4、最后从生物的寿命引入,探讨细胞的死亡。强调细胞死亡有两种形式。(1).细胞坏死,它是由某些外界因素造成细胞急速死亡,是一种被动性死亡;(2).细胞凋亡,这是一种由特定基因控制的主动性死亡。细胞坏死与细胞凋亡在形态学和生物化学上有着明显的区别。细胞凋亡有广泛的生物学意义,比如胚胎发育期手的发育如果没有细胞的调亡就不会有纤细的手指;如果没有正常的细胞调亡,蝌蚪的尾部就不会消失,它将永远不能变成青蛙……。正常的细胞调亡还肩负着维持各种组织器官固有体积和形态的功能;还会使机体内异常的细胞得到及时清除,去处潜在的隐患;例如癌症就是异常的细胞没有及时死亡的结果……。因此细胞的正常死亡是生物体的一种非常重要的调节机制,是机体平衡细胞增殖,调节机体细胞树木恒定的方式,是必不可少的生命过程。(15分钟)5、课堂小结,可以把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的素质;简单扼要的课堂小结,可使学生更深刻地理解政治理论在实际生活中的应用,并且逐渐地培养学生具有良好的个性。
第一部分:说教材我将从本框题的地位、教学目标及教学重难点等方面进行阐述。首先,本框题在教材知识体系中的地位:《影响价格的因素》是人教版教材高一政治必修第一单元第二课的第一框题。本框主要给学生介绍引起商品价格变化的因素,使学生通过学习能够明确日常经济生活中价格变动的原因。本框既是对前一课内容的承接又是下框内容得以展开的基础,也就是说,本框在本单元学习中起着承上启下的作用。其次,教学目标。根据课程标准的要求和学生的实际情况,我将确定以下的教学目标:(1)知识目标归纳影响价格的因素,理解价值决定价格、社会必要劳动时间决定价值量以及劳动生产率与商品价值量的关系,明确价值规律的基本内容和表现形式。(2)能力目标培养学生透过现象分析事物本质的能力;增强学生的竞争意识,提高参与经济生活的能力。
l意义(这里突破难点的方式手段——举典型例;结合时事;讨论。演绎归纳法运用,引导学生对各种感性材料进行分析与归纳,形成一定的理性认识,做到理论与实际的紧密结合,提高学生的抽象思维能力。)接下来呢是课堂小结,引导学生根据板书巩固知识。(这里我运用的是提纲式板书:这种形式的板书能够突出课文的重点,便于学生抓住要领、把握内容、加深印象,培养学生的分析概括能力。)布置作业:也就是教学评价环节引导学生课后搜集某个公司集团发展历程,并做一定思考,下节课和大家交流。(这样设计呢这样设计旨在培养学生的实践能力和动手操作能力,加深对知识的理解)谢谢大家,我的说课就到这里。恳请大家批评指正。板书设计:公司的经营一、公司的类型1、企业的含义2、公司的含义3、公司的类型:有限责任公司和股份有限公司
一、说教材(一)说教材的地位和作用《股票、债券、保险》是人教版必修1《经济生活》第六课,第二框题的内容。本框题承接前面“企业与劳动者”:企业的发展资金从何而来,同时又为下一课“个人收入与分配”做好了铺垫,它在整个教材中起承上启下的作用。因此,本框题在《经济生活》中具有不容忽视的重要的地位。(二)说教学目标根据高一新课程标准要求,本教材的结构和内容分析,结合着高一年级学生的认知结构及其心理特征,我制定了以下的教学目标:1、知识目标(1)股票的含义、收益、特点和发展股票市场的意义。(2)债券的含义与分类(3)商业保险的含义与订立原则2、能力目标(1)重点培养学生辩证思维的能力,发现和分析、解决问题的能力。3、情感、态度与价值观目标培养科学理财的意识,形成“投资理财,利国利己”的观念。(三)说教学的重、难点本着高一新课程标准,在吃透教材基础上,我确定了以下的教学重点和难点
在学生明确了税收的含义之后,我将分别对税收的三个基本特征进行解析。在讲解了之后,并分别用实例对其进行说明,加深学生对知识点的印象。最重要的是,总结出关键的字眼,使得学生能够清晰的区分出税收的三个基本特征。将强制性概括为依法征税、依法纳税;无偿性概括为不具有偿还性和返还型;固定性概括为规定应不应纳税、纳什么税、纳多少税。并跟学生指出,强制性是基本前提,无偿性是核心。由此根据书上的内容,推导出税收的三个基本特征相互之间的关系,即:三者缺一不可,统一于税法。而且,无偿性要求强制性,强制性保障无偿性;而无偿性与强制性又共同决定固定性。从而结束新课讲授。3、课堂总结根据板书内容重新回顾本课学习的主要内容,包括税收的含义,以及税收的三个基本特征和它们之间的相互关系。4、作业布置让学生预习税收的种类的内容,尤其是增值税和个人所得税。同时了解父母每月所缴纳的个人所得税和怎么计算的。
第一环节:关于劳动光荣和就业的意义。这两个问题学生在自主阅读的基础上,教师设疑,给出两个人物事迹,一是农民工刘俊刚把青春献给第二个家乡的城市美容师;一是北大学子李彦宏自主创业,创建百度公司,启发学生比较、思考。很多学生倾向于要做李彦宏,教师则适时引导:难道清洁工的劳动不重要吗?经过辩论,归纳出劳动和就业的意义。接着利用教材中李师傅的事例,进行问题探究,“李师傅找不到工作的原因是什么?”从主客观两方面分析,带着问题进入到下一环节学习。第二环节:突出重点。多媒体展示:通过数字的列举及对占有材料的分析,既看到了我国就业形势严峻,也介绍了国家关注民生,实施积极的就业政策。在此基础上,教师启发学生归纳“我国就业严峻的原因及对策?”学生把教材理论与生活中的现实材料相结合,进行探究,得出就业形势严峻的主要原因及其相应对策。
解析:材料是讲学习型社会所产生的影响,A项观点错误,在当前和今后相当长的时间里,学校教育仍然是人们获得知识的最重要的途径。B项观点错误,终身学习只是成就人生目的的手段、途径,而不是目的本身。D项说法错误,当前我国社会的中心工作是经济建设。二、问答题5.材料一:日本是公认的漫画大国,日本的动漫产业产值每年230万亿日元,成为日本的第二大支柱产业。在日本,漫画比电影、小说有时甚至比电视或音乐更受欢迎。日本漫画的热潮还席卷了世界:日本每年出口到美国的卡通片价值就达5 000亿日元,是日本对美国钢铁出口金额的4倍;漫画中的人物被迅速复制成电子游戏、卡通片及真人演出的节目。原来只是闲暇时候消遣的漫画,正飞速渗透到人们的生活中。值得警惕的是,除了催人奋进的精华之外,日本漫画中也存在暴力、色情、扭曲历史等诸多糟粕,对缺乏辨别能力的青少年产生了许多不良影响,更引发了一系列深刻的社会问题。
预测回答:成龙在影视,武术方面的价值,对于某个人,某个集团的价值。知识引导:人的价值体现在多方面的,可以是物质方面,也可以是精神方面,可以是对某个人或某个集团的价值,也可以是对人类和社会的价值。设置目的:从学生感兴趣的人物入手,分析对人的价值的评价。让学生自己分析总结,体现学生在新课改下的主体地位。从上述事例中我们可以看出人的价值是什么?如何评价?(学生活动)2.人的价值:在于创造价值,在于对社会的责任和贡献,即通过自己的活动满足自己所属的社会、他人以及自己的需要。(幻灯片显示)3.人的价值评价:看他的贡献,最根本的是对社会发展和人类进步事业的贡献。(幻灯片显示)老师总结:对社会的贡献并不是高高在上,不可触及。只要是做自己该做的事,从身边的小事做起,普普通通的劳动就是贡献社会和他人。学生归纳:人生价值原理二、价值观的导向作用(板书)1.价值观的含义人们在认识各种具体事物的价值的基础上,形成对事物价值的总的看法和根本观点。
(二)组织学生探究知识并形成新的知识。我从学生的生活体验入手,运用案例等形式创设情境呈现问题,使学生在自主探索、合作交流的过程中,发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,在问题的分析与解决中主动构建知识。主要通过几幅漫画让学生思考其中的哲学道理,开始接触哲学。漫画一:种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,种鸡蛋得??漫画二:甲:下雨好极啦!乙:下雨糟透了!漫画三:——狂妄之徒,你竟然坏了祖上规矩!在引导学生思考、体验问题的过程中,可以使学生逐步学会分析、解决问题的方法。这样做既有利于发展学生的理解、分析、概括、想象等创新思维能力,又有利于学生表达、动手、协作等实践能力的提高,促进学生全面发展,力求实现教学过程与教学结果并重,知识与能力并重的目标。
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教学目标)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(语言技能目标): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知识目标): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目标): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教学重点和难点)1. Teaching Focuses(教学重点): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教学难点): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(说板书设计)Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
(3)v. 给:提出;展现,显现present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交给;颁发;授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日时,他的朋友们送给他一套邮票作为礼物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 这家人把宝剑捐赠给了博物馆。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委员会将在六月向议会提交最后的报告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展现自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至关重要的是我们要表现得更加团结。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板书设计)That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
在接下来的细读环节,我套用了高考对阅读理解的考查方式设置了5个问题,分别为三个推理判断题,一个细节题和一个主旨大意题。学生需要对文章的内容进行分析、归纳、推理、猜测等高级思维活动才能做出正确的回答。【设计意图】这一过程是对学生进行细读的训练,培养学生获取特定信息和挖掘文章深层次信息的能力。第三环节:Intensive-reading (精读) 15′第三个环节精读,既是最重要的环节,也是突破本课重难点的关键。首先,让学生思考剧本中人物看到百万英镑前后的态度发生了怎样的变化。其次,让学生仔细阅读文章,找出可以表现人物态度变化的具体的语言和动作。最后,让学生总结人物的态度发生变化的根本原因是什么,从而引出Money Talks, 供学生思考。【设计意图】通过一系列的活动培养学生学习从人物的语言和动作探究人物的心理,使学生进一步体会戏剧语言的魅力,从而对文章背后所反映的社会问题进行思考,也为下一步的讨论环节做好铺垫。
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
通过写文章梗概,培养学生综合运用语言的能力,学习用恰当的英语描述科学家的故事。这是本课的教学难点。教师可以使用完形填空的方式来帮助学生整理语篇,从而来降低难度。本课的教学重点的突破方法是:在阅读前,让学生初步了解得出科学观点所需要的基本程序,从而轻松而自然地导入文章的阅读;在阅读过程中,由易到难设计快速阅读和精读的问题,层层推进各种阅读活动,让学生对阅读内容从整体感知到细节理解,最后深层读懂整篇文章,同时加强阅读策略的指导,让每个学生都主动参与课堂教学活动,最终达到提高阅读能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小组共同合作,在老师的适当指导下,就以下2个问题展开讨论,让学生就所知、所学、所感和所想融入话题,然后抽若干同学代表作小组发言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?
明确:(1)结绳记事说。原始记事的一种方法。人类在没有发明文字或文字使用尚不普遍时,常用在绳索或类似物件上打结的方法记录数字,表达某种意思,用以传达信息,处理事件。 (2)书画说。(3)仓颉造字说。中国自古就有仓颉造字之说。文字的发明是人类发展史上一件石破天惊的大事,它将人们的思维、语言、经验以及复杂的社会现象记录下来,使文化得以传播交流、世代传承。2、汉字的形体:中华民族五千年的历史中,汉字的演变,从甲骨文--金文--大篆--小篆--隶书--草书--楷书--行书,字形由象形到点横竖撇捺的方块字,经历了漫长的岁月。其中凝聚着民族的智慧,也体现出汉字逐步完善的过程,凸显其方方正正、四平八稳的特点。汉字又是一种文化的体现,那些经过艺术处理的汉字或跳起了拉丁舞、有的如同酒醉的成龙打起了醉拳,更是让我们感到的是在欣赏汉字在纸张上跳舞,所以:书法是“纸上的舞蹈”。请大家看到书上的相关内容,注意每一种形体的汉字的载体是什么,其功能又有什么不一样。