总之,依法维护劳动者合法权益,是保障劳动者主人翁地位的前提,是充分调动劳动者积极性、创造性,使之成为改革开放和社会主义建设主力军的保证。也是促进劳动力资源合理配置,促进经济持续、快速、健康发展的需要。(三)课堂总结、点评★课余作业某企业由于生产任务较大,在未经劳动行政部门批准的情况下,厂长强行让部分职工延长劳动时间,每天加时工作,星期天也照常上班,不让休息。到月底,部分职工全月累计加班加点高达120小时,也不发加班工资。根据上述材料回答:你认为该厂的做法是否合法?为什么?劳动者依法享有哪些权利?该厂的做法侵害了劳动者的哪些权利?这些工人应当怎么办?★教学体会本节学习劳动者的权利和树立什么样的就业观等问题,与大家的生活联系比较密切。因此,在讲解过程中要通过大量的实例和对比,引导学生思考和讨论,将市场经济中的一些理论知识潜移默化的给学生。
教师总结:近二十多年来,我国个人所得税的征收发展迅速,这也反映了我国经济水平、人民生活收入有了较大提高。与增值税的计税方法不同,个人所得税采用累进税率的计税办法,就是个人所得越高,税率越高,纳税人个人收入越多,缴纳个人所得税越多。这一特点从教材83页个人所得税税率表上可以看出。教师点拨:个人所得税的计算办法是分段计算的,个人收入800元以内不计税,多余800元以上部分,按不同税率分段计税。请同学们计算教材所列题目。学生活动:计算。应税所得额:4000元;不超过500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累计所得税:475元教师活动:同学们想一想,这样计算个人所得税有什么意义呢?学生活动:认真思考,回答问题教师点拨:有利于增加财政收入,有利于调节个人收入分配,实现社会公平。(三)课堂总结、点评
思考:在我们今天的生活中,应该如何认识“孝”道?(“孝”为中华民族传统道德之本。在封建社会,“孝”被异化为封建统治阶级统治人民、维系政权的一个最重要的工具;一切听命于“一家之长”的观念,使人们往往屈从于独断的权威或传统的家庭礼教,失去了独立的人格。另一方面,“孝”从它本身意义出发,所包含的尊老、敬老、养老,以及亲亲、爱人、爱国,正是中华民族的一大传统美德,是中华民族家庭和睦、邻里相亲、社会稳定的重要内在因素。因此,孝道已被列为中华传统道德教育的重要内容。)所以我们要辩证地认识传统文化在现实生活中的作用,做到“取其精华,去其糟粕;批判继承,古为今用”。对于传统文化中符合社会发展要求的、积极的、向上的内容,应该继续保持和发扬。对于传统文化中不符合社会发展要求的、落后的、腐朽的东西,必须“移风易俗”,自觉地加以改造或剔除。2、正确对待传统文化的意义
三、第三阶段。课后感悟与收获1、让学生以“走向学习型社会”为题,将在收集与整理、展示与交流两个环节中获得的体验和感悟,以心得体会的形式写一篇小论文。2、办一期专栏或黑板报,将优秀小论文作集中展示与交流。(进行理论总结,将实践与理论相结合,让科学理论更好地指导实践。充分挖掘学生潜力,增强学生的自信)[评析]新课程理念之一就是政治课不应只局限于课堂上的教与学。把综合探究课与研究性学习相结合,不失为一种有益的尝试。传统的学习方式把学习建立在客观性、受动性、依赖性的基础上,把学生看成一个没有感情的接受容器,这种学习会窒息学生的思维和智力,成为学生发展的障碍。单元探究活动的开展就是要转变学生的学习方式,关注学生的学习过程,使得探究过程成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。本教案的第一阶段充分发挥了学生的主动性。
3、文化是人们的一种素养(1)人的文化素养是在社会生活、实践中形成的。每个人所具有的文化素养,不是天生的,而是通过对社会生活的体验,特别是通过参与文化生活、接受知识文化教育而逐步培养出来的。文化素养的形成,离不开生活、实践和教育。人们在社会实践中创造和发展文化,也在社会生活中获得和享用文化。(2)人的文化素养表现在日常言行中。教师活动:引导学生阅读教材7页“公交车漫画”材料,并思考所反映的问题学生活动:积极思考并讨论问题教师点评:人们的精神活动离不开物质活动,人们的文化素养总是要通过他在日常生活中的言行、在社会实践活动中的表现等表现出来。我们通过观察人们的社会行为,就可以从中透视人们的精神世界和精神生活。4、文化的传承和发展离不开物质载体。社会文化和精神产品离不开物质载体,一个时代的文化和精神产品,往往是这一时代社会发展轨迹的反映。
二、做理智的消费者1、量入为出,适度消费2、避免盲从,理性消费3、保护环境,绿色消费4、勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗十、教学反思本课的设计采用了课前下发预习学案,学生预习本节内容,找出自己迷惑的地方。课堂上师生主要解决重点、难点、疑点、考点、探究点以及学生学习过程中易忘、易混点等,最后进行当堂检测,课后进行延伸拓展,以达到提高课堂效率的目的。这节课我们主要学习了影响人们消费的几种消费心理和几种科学的消费观。本节课与学生生活十分贴近所以这节课充分的调动了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,并且让学生针对案例进行充分的分组讨论分析,通过学生的展示分析和补充可以知道学生们不但深层次分析了教学原理也透彻理解了教学重难点大大提高了课堂效率.。通过案例的分析进一步领会了教材原理突破了本节课的难点——树立正确的消费观。整堂课学生求知旺盛,复杂的知识变得简单化,从阅读教材到独立思考分析再到合作讨论最后的展示质疑答疑,加深了印象,提高了能力。
1、外汇与外币的关系:(1)外汇包括外币,但外汇不等于就是外币。外币是指外国的货币,包括外国的纸币、铸币;外汇通常是以外国货币表示的用于国际间结算的支付手段,具体包括外币、外币有价证券、外币支付凭证等。(2)外币属于外汇的范围,但不能把二者等同起来。通常情况下,只有可以自由兑换的外币才是外汇,因为外汇的实质是国际支付手段,如果某种货币不能自由兑换,它就不能成为国际支付手段。外汇执行的 主要是货币的支付手段的职能。(3)持有外汇意味着对外汇发行国拥有债权。持有外汇过多,一方面意味着国际支付能力强和有可能对外汇发行国施加影响;另一方面则意味着大量该由本国享受的资源,被借给外国利用,并要承担外汇贬值的风险。2、关于币值变化的分析:(1)对货币升值的具体分析:一个国家的货币升值(上浮)后,同量的这种货币能比以前换 取更多的他国货币,买到更多的他国商品。
代中国人民的四大发明,古希腊人的哲学与艺术成就,占代印度人民在宗教和数学方面的成就等,都以其鲜明的民族特色}:富J,世界文化,共同推动了人类社会的进步和发展。总之,尊重和保存不同的民族文化,是人类生存和发展的基础。◇课堂探究:(1)对那些面临失传的占老民族文化,有人反对进行抢救和保护,认为应当顺其自然地让它们被历史淘汰。你同意这种看法吗?(2)你认为,我们还有哪些独特的文化形式可以申报人类口述和非物质遗产?◇探究提示:(1)文化遗产是一个民族的“身份证”,从文化意义上标识出一个民族的个性和一个民族的历史记忆。文化遗产是人类社会发展的见证,是人类文明的重要载体。文化遗产体现着一个民族独特的思维方式和文化价值,是民族的根基,是历史的纪念碑。文化遗产既属于一个国家、一个民族,也是全人类的共同财富。文化遗产具有不可再生性的特点,所以对那些面临失传的古老民族文化,我们不能坐视不管,要进行及时有效地抢救和保护。
另一方面,文化素质影响公民政治权利的行使。随着民主和法制建设的发展,人们为了参与政治生活,需要更高的文化素养。文化水平提高了,人们受到的教育、接受的信息就越多,活动的领域就越广,民主法制和权利意识就越强,这些都会影响人们的民主素质和民主水平,使人们更好地进行政治参与,行使民主权利。(2)文化与国际政治相互交融,成为当代国际政治斗争的重要内容。随着世界多极化的发展,奉行霸权主义的国家,借助文化渗透的方式,竭力推销自己的价值观念,企图削弱和取代别国的民族文化,以推行强权政治。这使世界范围内反对文化霸权主义的斗争,成为当代国际政治斗争的重要内容。文化已经成为进行政治斗争、国际斗争的重要形式之一。对文化市场的争夺不仅仅是争夺票房价值、争夺经济效益,更主要的是对受众对象的争夺,对受众注意力这种特殊的稀缺资源的占有,以及在此基础上对舆论的控制与引导。因此,失去文化市场就意味着失去政治优势,意味着政治影响力的边缘化乃至萎缩或丧失。这一点,从目前世界正在进行的空前规模的“文化战争”,可以看得非常清楚。
3、联邦制的弊端:(1)、效率不高:(2)、集团分享权力,维护资产阶级的利益,不顾人民要求。在美国实行联邦制的二百多年问,联邦制的弊端也显露无遗。美国联邦制的最大问题是效率不高,联邦政府与州政府之间相互扯皮、推诿,各州政府之间各自为政。全国性资产阶级利益集团与地方性资产阶级利益集团分享权力,对于广大人民群众的要求,资产阶级则利用国家结构形式的特点相互推卸责任。当大多数资产阶级利益集团意见接近时,联邦制既能保护州的灵活性,又能保证中央的权威;当资产阶级利益集团之间矛盾重重时,联邦制就处于低效运转之中。相关链接:1954年,美国最高法院在一项判决中宣布,公立学校实行种族隔离、拒绝黑人入学是违反宪法的。这一裁决引起南方一些州的抵制,一些州竟以暴力阻止黑人进入公立学校。
一、教材分析我们使用的是人教版第四册《生活与哲学》教材,本框属于第四单元第十二课第一框题。其内容主要分两目,第一目主要介绍价值的含义、人是社会一切财富的创造者、人的价值在于创造价值和对社会的责任和贡献,以及对一个人的评价主要看他的贡献等内容。第二目主要介绍价值观的导向作用,内容包括价值观的含义、价值观对人们认识世界和改造世界的活动具有导向作用以及对人生道路的选择具有导向作用。二、教学目标知识目标:1、识记价值和价值观的基本含义;价值观的导向作用。2、理解人的价值是什么?如何评价人的价值。3、运用所学知识及相关哲学原理,分析物的价值和人的价值的 不同,从中加深对人的价值的理解评论分析为什么对一个人的评价要看他的贡献,而不是索取了多少。
1.知识目标:◇识记 :(1)自然界的物质性(2)物质的含义(3)人类社会的物质性◇理解:(1)世界的物质性(2)自然界是物质的,不是上帝和神创造的(3) 物质和具体的物质形态的区别和联系(4)劳动创造了人和人类社会(5)人类社会是物质世界长期发展的产物◇分析:(1)联系当前自然界中万事万物的发展变化,说明自然界的物质性 (2)联系我国当前的社会改革以及社会发展的状况,说明人类社会的物质性(3)用课本知识分析,世界是物质的世界,世界的真正统一性在于它的物质性2.能力目标:(1)通过学习,体会如何去理解一个哲学观点,初步了解学习哲学的基本方法(2)通过学习、体会、分析与综合的思维方法,提高分析问题的能力(3)通过收集和分析材料,培养收集材料和整理材料的能力3.情感、态度和价值观目标:通过对本课的学习,能从世界本质问题上指出有神论的荒谬性,从根本上消除有神论的影响,初步树立唯物主义的自然界、世界观 三、教学重点难点重点:世界的物质统一性原理
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。4. extremely adv 极其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:玛丽发现找工作极其困难。给你添了麻烦,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的红色车厢,结果证明它非常受大众的欢迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking单句写作:1. _______________ (你要说些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我们为这些事情做好了准备), we have nothing to worry about.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教学过程】Step1: 语法知识呈现定语从句(一)—关系代词的用法在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,说明事物的具体信息,从句位于被修饰词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词指代先行词,并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种:关系代词who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 判断原则:能表达成—宾语 是…/做…注:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他认为自己是这门学科的专家。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。I had my bike stolen.我的自行车被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我们邀请他来我们学校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你对这里所谈的话保密。用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.
教学目标知识目标:让学生更好理解如何恰当地写一个人的信息介绍,并能让学生熟练地使用一些写作技能。能力目标:培养学生的写作能力和团队协作能力。情感目标:提升学生对写作的兴趣。教学重难点 教学重点:如何能让学生更好地理解个人信息介绍。教学难点:如何能让学生通过适当地使用一些写作技能来写一篇较好的个人信息介绍。教学准备 多媒体、黑板、粉笔一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?