The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.
1. How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?The heat in Sichuan cuisine comes from chilies and Sichuan peppercorns. Human cuisine is often hotter and the heat comes from just chilies.2.What are the reasons why Hunan people like spicy food?Because they are a bold people. But many Chinese people think that hot food helps them overcome the effects of rainy or wet weather.3.Why do so many people love steamed fish head covered with chilies?People love it because the meat is quite tender and there are very few small bones.4.Why does Tingting recommend bridge tofu instead of dry pot duck with golden buns?Because bridge tofu has a lighter taste.5 .Why is red braised pork the most famous dish?Because Chairman Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favorite food.Step 5: Instruct students to make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help them.? In groups of three, discuss what types of restaurant you would like to take a foreign visitor to, and why. Then take turns role-playing taking your foreign guest to the restaurant you have chosen. One of you should act as the foreign guest, one as the Chinese host, and one as the waiter or waitress. You may start like this:? EXAMPLE? A: I really love spicy food, so what dish would you recommend?? B: I suggest Mapo tofu.? A: Really ? what's that?
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.
The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
(2)平均数受数据中的极端值(2个95)影响较大,使平均数在估计总体时可靠性降低,10天的用水量有8天都在平均值以下。故用中位数来估计每天的用水量更合适。1、样本的数字特征:众数、中位数和平均数;2、用样本频率分布直方图估计样本的众数、中位数、平均数。(1)众数规定为频率分布直方图中最高矩形下端的中点;(2)中位数两边的直方图的面积相等;(3)频率分布直方图中每个小矩形的面积与小矩形底边中点的横坐标之积相加,就是样本数据的估值平均数。学生回顾本节课知识点,教师补充。 让学生掌握本节课知识点,并能够灵活运用。
等式性质与不等式性质是高中数学的主要内容之一,在高中数学中占有重要地位,它是刻画现实世界中量与量之间关系的有效数学模型,在现实生活中有着广泛的应,有着重要的实际意义.同时等式性质与不等式性质也为学生以后顺利学习基本不等式起到重要的铺垫.课程目标1. 掌握等式性质与不等式性质以及推论,能够运用其解决简单的问题.2. 进一步掌握作差、作商、综合法等比较法比较实数的大小. 3. 通过教学培养学生合作交流的意识和大胆猜测、乐于探究的良好思维品质。数学学科素养1.数学抽象:不等式的基本性质;2.逻辑推理:不等式的证明;3.数学运算:比较多项式的大小及重要不等式的应用;4.数据分析:多项式的取值范围,许将单项式的范围之一求出,然后相加或相乘.(将减法转化为加法,将除法转化为乘法);5.数学建模:运用类比的思想有等式的基本性质猜测不等式的基本性质。
本节通过一些函数模型的实例,让学生感受建立函数模型的过程和方法,体会函数在数学和其他学科中的广泛应用,进一步认识到函数是描述客观世界变化规律的基本数学模型,能初步运用函数思想解决一些生活中的简单问题。课程目标1.能利用已知函数模型求解实际问题.2.能自建确定性函数模型解决实际问题.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:建立函数模型,把实际应用问题转化为数学问题;2.逻辑推理:通过数据分析,确定合适的函数模型;3.数学运算:解答数学问题,求得结果;4.数据分析:把数学结果转译成具体问题的结论,做出解答;5.数学建模:借助函数模型,利用函数的思想解决现实生活中的实际问题.重点:利用函数模型解决实际问题;难点:数模型的构造与对数据的处理.
本节课选自《普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学必修1本(A版)》的第五章的4.5.3函数模型的应用。函数模型及其应用是中学重要内容之一,又是数学与生活实践相互衔接的枢纽,特别在应用意识日益加深的今天,函数模型的应用实质是揭示了客观世界中量的相互依存有互有制约的关系,因而函数模型的应用举例有着不可替代的重要位置,又有重要的现实意义。本节课要求学生利用给定的函数模型或建立函数模型解决实际问题,并对给定的函数模型进行简单的分析评价,发展学生数学建模、数学直观、数学抽象、逻辑推理的核心素养。1. 能建立函数模型解决实际问题.2.了解拟合函数模型并解决实际问题.3.通过本节内容的学习,使学生认识函数模型的作用,提高学生数学建模,数据分析的能力. a.数学抽象:由实际问题建立函数模型;b.逻辑推理:选择合适的函数模型;c.数学运算:运用函数模型解决实际问题;
1.确定研究对象,明确哪个是解释变量,哪个是响应变量;2.由经验确定非线性经验回归方程的模型;3.通过变换,将非线性经验回归模型转化为线性经验回归模型;4.按照公式计算经验回归方程中的参数,得到经验回归方程;5.消去新元,得到非线性经验回归方程;6.得出结果后分析残差图是否有异常 .跟踪训练1.一只药用昆虫的产卵数y与一定范围内的温度x有关,现收集了6组观测数据列于表中: 经计算得: 线性回归残差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分别为观测数据中的温度和产卵数,i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用线性回归模型拟合,求y关于x的回归方程 (精确到0.1);(2)若用非线性回归模型拟合,求得y关于x回归方程为 且相关指数R2=0.9522. ①试与(1)中的线性回归模型相比较,用R2说明哪种模型的拟合效果更好 ?②用拟合效果好的模型预测温度为35℃时该种药用昆虫的产卵数.(结果取整数).
新知探究我们知道,等差数列的特征是“从第2项起,每一项与它的前一项的差都等于同一个常数” 。类比等差数列的研究思路和方法,从运算的角度出发,你觉得还有怎样的数列是值得研究的?1.两河流域发掘的古巴比伦时期的泥版上记录了下面的数列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《庄子·天下》中提到:“一尺之锤,日取其半,万世不竭.”如果把“一尺之锤”的长度看成单位“1”,那么从第1天开始,每天得到的“锤”的长度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在营养和生存空间没有限制的情况下,某种细菌每20 min 就通过分裂繁殖一代,那么一个这种细菌从第1次分裂开始,各次分裂产生的后代个数依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入银行a元,存期为5年,年利率为 r ,那么按照复利,他5年内每年末得到的本利和分别是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元购买某个理财产品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的复利计息,12个月能获得多少利息(精确到1元)?(2)若以季度复利计息,存4个季度,则当每季度利率为多少时,按季结算的利息不少于按月结算的利息(精确到10^(-5))?分析:复利是指把前一期的利息与本金之和算作本金,再计算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金为a元,每期的利率为r ,则从第一期开始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…构成等比数列.解:(1)设这笔钱存 n 个月以后的本利和组成一个数列{a_n },则{a_n }是等比数列,首项a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12个月后的利息为10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)设季度利率为 r ,这笔钱存 n 个季度以后的本利和组成一个数列{b_n },则{b_n }也是一个等比数列,首项 b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比为1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
我们知道数列是一种特殊的函数,在函数的研究中,我们在理解了函数的一般概念,了解了函数变化规律的研究内容(如单调性,奇偶性等)后,通过研究基本初等函数不仅加深了对函数的理解,而且掌握了幂函数,指数函数,对数函数,三角函数等非常有用的函数模型。类似地,在了解了数列的一般概念后,我们要研究一些具有特殊变化规律的数列,建立它们的通项公式和前n项和公式,并应用它们解决实际问题和数学问题,从中感受数学模型的现实意义与应用,下面,我们从一类取值规律比较简单的数列入手。新知探究1.北京天坛圜丘坛,的地面有十板布置,最中间是圆形的天心石,围绕天心石的是9圈扇环形的石板,从内到外各圈的示板数依次为9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型号的女装上对应的尺码分别是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.测量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大气温度,得到从距离地面20米起每升高100米处的大气温度(单位℃)依次为25,24,23,22,21 ③
二、典例解析例3.某公司购置了一台价值为220万元的设备,随着设备在使用过程中老化,其价值会逐年减少.经验表明,每经过一年其价值会减少d(d为正常数)万元.已知这台设备的使用年限为10年,超过10年 ,它的价值将低于购进价值的5%,设备将报废.请确定d的范围.分析:该设备使用n年后的价值构成数列{an},由题意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}为公差为-d的等差数列.10年之内(含10年),该设备的价值不小于(220×5%=)11万元;10年后,该设备的价值需小于11万元.利用{an}的通项公式列不等式求解.解:设使用n年后,这台设备的价值为an万元,则可得数列{an}.由已知条件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以数列{an}是一个公差为-d的等差数列.因为a1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由题意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范围为19<d≤20.9
情景导学古语云:“勤学如春起之苗,不见其增,日有所长”如果对“春起之苗”每日用精密仪器度量,则每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可组成一个数列. 那么什么叫数列呢?二、问题探究1. 王芳从一岁到17岁,每年生日那天测量身高,将这些身高数据(单位:厘米)依次排成一列数:75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①记王芳第i岁的身高为 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我们发现h_i中的i反映了身高按岁数从1到17的顺序排列时的确定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的数,h_2=87是排在第2位的数〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的数,它们之间不能交换位置,所以①具有确定顺序的一列数。2. 在两河流域发掘的一块泥板(编号K90,约生产于公元前7世纪)上,有一列依次表示一个月中从第1天到第15天,每天月亮可见部分的数:5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
求函数的导数的策略(1)先区分函数的运算特点,即函数的和、差、积、商,再根据导数的运算法则求导数;(2)对于三个以上函数的积、商的导数,依次转化为“两个”函数的积、商的导数计算.跟踪训练1 求下列函数的导数:(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟踪训练2 求下列函数的导数(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的饮用水通常是经过净化的,随着水的纯净度的提高,所需进化费用不断增加,已知将1t水进化到纯净度为x%所需费用(单位:元),为c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求进化到下列纯净度时,所需进化费用的瞬时变化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:净化费用的瞬时变化率就是净化费用函数的导数;c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
新知探究前面我们研究了两类变化率问题:一类是物理学中的问题,涉及平均速度和瞬时速度;另一类是几何学中的问题,涉及割线斜率和切线斜率。这两类问题来自不同的学科领域,但在解决问题时,都采用了由“平均变化率”逼近“瞬时变化率”的思想方法;问题的答案也是一样的表示形式。下面我们用上述思想方法研究更一般的问题。探究1: 对于函数y=f(x) ,设自变量x从x_0变化到x_0+ ?x ,相应地,函数值y就从f(x_0)变化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。这时, x的变化量为?x,y的变化量为?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我们把比值?y/?x,即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函数从x_0到x_0+?x的平均变化率。1.导数的概念如果当Δx→0时,平均变化率ΔyΔx无限趋近于一个确定的值,即ΔyΔx有极限,则称y=f (x)在x=x0处____,并把这个________叫做y=f (x)在x=x0处的导数(也称为__________),记作f ′(x0)或________,即
问题二:上述问题中,甲、乙的平均数、中位数、众数相同,但二者的射击成绩存在差异,那么,如何度量这种差异呢?我们可以利用极差进行度量。根据上述数据计算得:甲的极差=10-4=6 乙的极差=9-5=4极差在一定程度上刻画了数据的离散程度。由极差发现甲的成绩波动范围比乙的大。但由于极差只使用了数据中最大、最小两个值的信息,所含的信息量很少。也就是说,极差度量出的差异误差较大。问题三:你还能想出其他刻画数据离散程度的办法吗?我们知道,如果射击的成绩很稳定,那么大多数的射击成绩离平均成绩不会太远;相反,如果射击的成绩波动幅度很大,那么大多数的射击成绩离平均成绩会比较远。因此,我们可以通过这两组射击成绩与它们的平均成绩的“平均距离”来度量成绩的波动幅度。
可以通过下面的步骤计算一组n个数据的第p百分位数:第一步:按从小到大排列原始数据;第二步:计算i=n×p%;第三步:若i不是整数,而大于i的比邻整数位j,则第p百分位数为第j项数据;若i是整数,则第p百分位数为第i项与第i+1项的平均数。我们在初中学过的中位数,相当于是第50百分位数。在实际应用中,除了中位数外,常用的分位数还有第25百分位数,第75百分位数。这三个分位数把一组由小到大排列后的数据分成四等份,因此称为四分位数。其中第25百分位数也称为第一四分位数或下四分位数等,第75百分位数也称为第三四分位数或上四分位数等。另外,像第1百分位数,第5百分位数,第95百分位数,和第99百分位数在统计中也经常被使用。例2、根据下列样本数据,估计树人中学高一年级女生第25,50,75百分位数。