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新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计二
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上，根据上下文语境和表达逻辑，能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习，学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计一
本板块的活动主题是“谈论节日活动”（Talk about festival activities），主要是从贴近学生日常生活的角度来切入“节日”主题。学生会听到发生在三个国家不同节日场景下的简短对话，对话中的人们正在参与或将要亲历不同的庆祝活动。随着全球化的进程加速，国际交流日益频繁，无论是国人走出国门还是外国友人访问中国，都已成为司空见惯的事情。因此，该板块所选取的三个典型节日场景都是属于跨文化交际语境，不仅每组对话中的人物来自不同的文化背景，对话者的身份和关系也不尽相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计二
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法；能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题，进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计三
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.）Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑，了解节日风俗发展与变迁，感悟节日的内涵与意义。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计四
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节，从而了解文章的层次结构；4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
人教版高中政治必修3文化与经济、政治说课稿
（二）讲授新课：1、讲授重点：文化与经济、政治的关系。我首先带领学生分析课本上的活动探究，了解日常生活中的常见活动，让学生们观看视频材料帮助学生对文化活动、经济活动、政治活动进行辨别和分类。然后让学生们举例说明，综合探究，最后通过集体讨论得出文化与经济政治的关系：经济是基础，政治是经济的集中表现，文化是经济和政治的反映，一定的文化由一定的经济和政治决定，又反作用于政治和经济。这个问题是本课重点。要引导学生循序渐进，集体讨论，得出结论。2、突破难点：（1）文化与经济政治相互交融，在时代发展的进程中。首先播放上海世博会视频，让学生体会文化、经济、政治活动，另外我会引导学生积极举生活中的事例，来说明问题，让学生学会举一反三，充分理解这一知识，让学生明白文化与经济、政治的联系，让学生清楚文化渗透的力量有多大，帮助学生树立反对文化霸权主义的意识。
人教版高中政治必修3体味文化说课稿
3、文化的力量。为了使学生能辨证地分析文化的力量，我设计了两个问题进行探讨：（1）是不是任何文化都能起促进作用？（2）你在听或唱国歌时感受到一种什么样的力量？这样，学生在对比中学会辨证地分析文化的力量——先进的、健康的文化能促进社会发展和个人成长；落后的、腐朽的文化则阻碍社会发展和个人成长。同时还能提高学生的文化赏析能力，从而引导学生装自觉参加健康有益的文化活动，抵制不良文化的影响，投身到社会主义精神文明建设中去。关于课堂练习，我准备了5个针对性比较强的选择题，从而加深巩固本框题的重难点知识。最后，播放歌曲《走进新时代》，展示本课知识结构，指出本框题需重点掌握的问题，结束本课教学。课后作业，我设计了这样一个辨析的题目：文化是人们创造的全部财富的总和，它是人类特有的现象。
人教版高中政治必修3感受文化影响说课稿
（2）世界观，人生观，价值观是人们文化素养的核心和标志。一旦形成就会对人产生深远持久的影响。（但随着生活阅历的变化，人们文化素养的提高，人们的“三观”会发生变化。）总之“潜移默化”指每时每刻，不知不觉；是从文化对人影响的过程来看的。“深远持久”指经年累月，难以抹去；是从文化对人影响的结果上说的。3.课堂总结：首先启动学生思维，教会学生把握知识主线，建构知识体系，先由学生进行总结，然后教师进行必要的补充4、布置作业：布置作业。运用文化对人的影响的知识分析“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”，并且应该如何处理朋友之间的关系。设计这个作业的意图是既让学生灵活运用所学知识，同时又让学生回归生活，如何处理朋友之间的关系。5、板书设计遵循板书设计的实用性、直观性的原则，根据本课的教材特点，我采用结构式板书，这样设计比较直观、系统，以便于学生能够系统把握和理解知识。
人教版高中政治必修3聚焦文化竞争力说课稿
（1）文化与经济、政治在经济基础上相互影响。①经济、政治和文化是社会生活的三个基本领域。其中，经济是基础，政治是经济的集中表现，文化是经济和政治的反映。一定的文化由一定的经济、政治所决定，又反作用于一定的政治、经济，给予政治、经济以重大影响。②经济发展是文化发展的基础。但这并不意味着文化的发展始终与经济的发展亦步亦趋。如同不能简单地把精神文明看作是物质文明的派生物和附属品一样，也不能简单地认为文化是经济、政治的派生物和附属品。文化有其自身的传承性和相对的独立性。那种认为只要物质条件好了，精神文化自然而然地就会好起来，物质条件差一点，精神文化就不可能搞好的观点，不符合历史发展的事实，是不正确的。③掀开历史的画卷，文化既有古今和地域之别，又有先进与落后、腐朽之分。不同的文化，对经济、政治的影响不同，对社会发展的作用也不同。不同民族的文化，影响不同民族和国家各具特色的发展道路。
人教版高中政治必修3体味文化说课稿
（二）引入内容1、播放幻灯片，从名言引出思考，什么是文化，如何理解文化？学生探究，既可质疑，也可谈自己对文化的理解2、幻灯片，以三组幻灯，分三个阶段，学生分别通过小组讨论的形式，归纳总结文化现象的三个特征3、根据对文化现象的认识，归纳总结文化的内涵及外延小活动：把不是文化的山、水、树，由几组同学画出来，体会文化的含义4、一组判断题，哪些是文化的，哪些不是5、理解文化的特点首先，根据前面，总结文化现象的特征，归纳出文化的普通性及特殊性其次，播放视频，归纳总结文化是人类特有的现象第三，根据教材材料，小组探究总结，文化是后天习得的第四，借助小活动的材料，归纳，文化需要一定的物质载体6、文化的作用首先、观看视频，小组探究总结，文化对于人的影响其次，观看视频，小组探究总结，文化对社会的影响
人教版高中英语必修3Canada-the true north说课稿4篇
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
人教版高中英语必修2Computers说课稿3篇
一. 教材分析1. 本单元的中心话题是“计算机（Computers）”，内容涉及计算机的发展历史，计算机的应用等。本节课是该单元的第一课时，我将Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending这四部分整合为一节精读课。其中。Reading部分是题为WHO AM I？的文章，以第一人称的拟人手法介绍了计算机发长演变的历史和计算机在各个领域的应用，其主旨是表达计算机的发展变化之快以及在生活中用途之广。而Warming up部分以图片的形式展现了计算机的发展历程；Pre-reading中的问题和排序分别是为了预测语篇的内容和测试学生对计算机历史了解的情况；Comprehending则通过各项练习训练学生的阅读技能，从而加深对文章的理解。可见这几部分是一个有机的整体。2. 教学目标：1) 语言目标：重点词汇及短语：abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重点句子：a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
人教版高中英语必修4A taste of English Humor说课稿3篇
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
人教版高中英语必修4Theme parks说课稿3篇
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
人教版高中英语必修4Working The Land说课稿3篇
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
人教版高中英语必修2Wildlife Protection说课稿3篇
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s（成龙）and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
人教版高中英语必修3Healthy Eating说课稿4篇
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
人教版高中生物必修1细胞中的无机物说课稿
为了加强学生的理解，让学生讨论以下问题。由师生共同总结。播放一个短时视频，让学生认识到水的重要性后，展示节水标识，说明由来。细胞中的无机盐这部分，我将展示图表，并列出问题：表中哪些成分属于无机盐？为什么要在运动员喝的饮料中添加无机盐？无机盐在细胞的生活中起什么作用？然后展示广告语，让学生思考和讨论以下问题，并得到答案。再阅读课本，验证自己的答案是否正确。关于无机盐的作用较难理解，通过列举人体生活与健康中的各种实例来加深感性认识，加强对理论知识的理解3、课堂小结，强化认识。（3—5分钟）课堂小结，可以把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的素质；简单扼要的课堂小结，可使学生更深刻地理解理论知识在实际生活中的应用，并且逐渐地培养学生具有良好的个性。4、板书设计我比较注重直观、系统的板书设计，还及时地体现教材中的知识点，以便于学生能够理解掌握。5、布置作业。
人教版高中生物必修1细胞的癌变说课稿
5．5癌症的预防作为本节最重要内容，且与生活息息相关，我采用老师引导、学生讨论总结的方法进行教学。从生活各方面总结出保健良方 ，既对知识有很好应用，又体现对生命的热爱。此时，本节课达到高潮，同学们意气风发，热烈讨论，实现本节课的教学目标。5．6 癌症的治疗通过讲述癌症治疗方法的副作用，激发学生探究生物学欲望，激励学生立志除癌。 在此，我选用一则关于一名癌症晚期病人运用心理疗法成功战胜癌症的故事，在于对不同层次的学生进行多方面启发教育，体现面向全体学生的课程理念。5．7 愉悦总结，及时反馈本节知识点零散，我将带领学生回忆浏览本节内容，使零散知识点系统化。在课堂反馈环节，我通过简单练习采用分组竞答的方式把握学生对知识的掌握程度，并给予表现突出的学生适当奖励，这是本节课第三个亮点。竞答既使课堂显得紧凑、集中，又有利于形成学生的竞争意识，还使得学生的知识得以巩固应用。
人教版高中生物必修1细胞的衰老与凋亡说课稿
4、最后从生物的寿命引入，探讨细胞的死亡。强调细胞死亡有两种形式。(1).细胞坏死，它是由某些外界因素造成细胞急速死亡，是一种被动性死亡；(2).细胞凋亡，这是一种由特定基因控制的主动性死亡。细胞坏死与细胞凋亡在形态学和生物化学上有着明显的区别。细胞凋亡有广泛的生物学意义，比如胚胎发育期手的发育如果没有细胞的调亡就不会有纤细的手指；如果没有正常的细胞调亡，蝌蚪的尾部就不会消失，它将永远不能变成青蛙……。正常的细胞调亡还肩负着维持各种组织器官固有体积和形态的功能；还会使机体内异常的细胞得到及时清除，去处潜在的隐患；例如癌症就是异常的细胞没有及时死亡的结果……。因此细胞的正常死亡是生物体的一种非常重要的调节机制，是机体平衡细胞增殖，调节机体细胞树木恒定的方式，是必不可少的生命过程。（15分钟）5、课堂小结，可以把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的素质；简单扼要的课堂小结，可使学生更深刻地理解政治理论在实际生活中的应用，并且逐渐地培养学生具有良好的个性。