这两章是对战争场面的描写。写的是战车、战马、象弭、鱼服以及士兵的劳累奔波、饥渴难当,通过这些具体生动的细节描写来展现战争生活的图景。而没有写战场上的刀光剑影、厮打拼杀,但战争的残酷已可想见。4“昔我往矣,杨柳依依。今我来思,雨雪霏霏”被视为情景交融的佳句。清人王夫之在论《诗经·小雅·采薇》这两句时说:“以乐景写哀,以哀景写乐,一倍增其哀乐。”谈谈你的看法。一以往昔之虚衬眼前之实,以出征之乐衬内心之思亲之悲痛;二“杨柳依依”与“雨雪霏霏”对比,突出不胜今昔之感;三大雪交加,饥渴难当,情境实悲,以哀景写哀情。四、交流延伸1写一首诗或一段文字表达你对“乡愁”的新的体验。在全班交流。2课后搜集更多的表现乡情的诗歌散文作品,将你最感动的一篇拿到班上与同学分享感受。
三、想象画面,把握意境1.指导想象学习陶渊明的《归园田居》我们脑海中自然会出现一幅幅的画面,比如他归家后的生活场景,我们会想象“榆柳”是如何遮蔽房屋的,而“桃李”又是如何摘种在房前的。我们会想象村落是如何在薄雾中若隐若现的,想象炊烟是如何袅袅升起的。《涉江采芙蓉》一诗只有8句话,更需要我们展开想象,去构画场景,这样才能深入诗歌,体会到诗歌的味道。2.学生想象要求学生闭目想象1分钟。3.学生展示想象结果(抽三四个学生回答即可)4.老师指导纠正学生想象不合理之处。要注意的地方:“江”可能学生会想象成小溪流、小池塘。“兰泽”可能学生理解成“湖泊”。注意字词“还顾”“漫浩浩”中隐含的情感,注意“离居”中流露的愁怨。5.时间允许的话,老师读自己的下水作文。
一个世纪前,一位了不起的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言,而我们今天就站在他的塑像下面。对于千千万万身受不公正待遇之苦的黑奴来说,这份划时代的文件,是一座光芒万丈的希望灯塔,是结束他们被束缚之漫漫长夜的快乐黎明。我有一个梦,有朝一日在乔治亚州的丘陵地带,奴隶的后代与奴隶主的后代,将能够兄弟般地相处。我有一个梦,有朝一日甚至密西西比州,这个充满不平与压迫的州,将转化成一片自由与公正的绿洲。我有一个梦,我的四个孩子,有朝一日将可以生活在这样一个国度里:在此人们不是根据他们的肤色,而是根据他们的品行来衡量他们。我今天有一个梦!我有一个梦,有朝一日在阿拉巴马州,尽管目前有许多恶毒的种族主义者,尽管州长叫嚷着要与联邦政府对抗,有朝一日在阿拉巴马州,黑人孩子与白人孩子将会像兄弟姊妹那样亲密无间。
教学设想:本节课的主题是“生命之绿,璞玉心灵”,用圈点批注法解读爱绿的感情,让学生在批注中明确“绿”的象征意义,而不只是结论的传递。同时借助于阅读、感受和理解把握作者对绿的认识是不断升华的,由一般对生命希望之绿的喜爱,到与绿交往后被它的不畏强暴,永远向阳的精神所折服,最后在特定的时代背景下绿在作者的心目中已经成了我们民族不屈精神的象征。让学生评中求解,评中悟情,评中明理,评中品味。教学进程:一、导语上节课我们学习了朱自清的《绿》,初步了解了读书动笔的基本方法,这节课我们继续用圈点批注的方法来学习陆蠡的散文《囚绿记》。二、释题师:看标题,囚绿之“绿”在文中具体指什么?(一株常春藤)“囚”就是囚禁的意思,那题目就是记述囚禁绿色常春藤的经过。三、圈点、把握情节作者为什么要囚绿呢?文中除了写“囚绿”之外,还写了哪些有关绿的意念和行动?带着这样的质疑用自己喜欢的方式朗读课文,请同学们圈点出疑难字词,或结合书下注释,或同学合作解决,解决不了的,可提出来我们共同解决。标注段落节次。勾画出表现作者对绿意念和行动的句子。
结合历史自古以来,江山美人历来都是引无数英雄豪杰竞折腰的,如果说英雄选择了美人却丢了江山,把所有罪名都归结于“女人是祸水”。但是,纣王无道,和有了妲己有必然的联系吗?有人说妲己坏透了,坏透了的妲己如果不是取得纣王的信任是坏不起来的,纣王听信了妲己的谗言,听与不听决定权在纣王,而不在妲己。强势永远在纣王一边。再来看看西施和杨贵妃:西施是作为越国贡献给吴国的供品来到吴王夫差的身边的,杨贵妃更是先是李隆基的儿媳妇被看中而得宠的。所以,西施和杨贵妃这两个可怜的女人根本没有自己的独立选择,没有独立的爱情,如果没有西施,就会有南施,或北施;如果没有杨贵妃,就会有李贵妃,王贵妃,总之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因为那是吴王和李隆基的需要。
【明确】“一夫当关,万夫莫开”言剑阁有易守难攻的险要形势,暗示中央朝廷的部队很不容易打进来,因而野心家可以据险发动叛乱,“化为狼与豺”,搞地方割据。如果割据势力之间出现矛盾冲突,难免要发生混战,结果必定是“杀人如麻”。诗人这番预言在十多年后就得到了证实:从上元二年到大历初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相继发动叛乱。诗人的意图是要严防野心家发难。诗人从剑阁的险要引出对政治形势的描写。他化用西晋张载《剑阁铭》中形胜之地,匪亲勿居的语句,目的在于劝人引以为鉴戒,警惕战乱的发生,并联系当时的社会背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,杀人如麻,这既是描写蜀道猛兽,又是影射政治黑暗的双关语句,表达了对国事的忧虑与关切,为诗篇增加了现实的内涵、深厚的意蕴。唐天宝初年,太平景象背后正潜伏着危机,后来发生的安史之乱,证明诗人的忧虑是有现实意义的。
一、明确目标1.注意小传的写作特色,如小传的“小”以及是怎样小中见大的。2.引导学生进行综合把握和比较阅读以更好地理解课文内容,看看在写法上各自有什么不同。3.一词多义的准确知识运用二、整体感知1.解题李商隐的《李贺小传》有别于一般传记文的客观直叙,是一篇性情之文;同时也和作者的诗歌风格相异,写得朴实自然而又不乏意趣。2.本文所体现的“小传”的特点本文最大的特点在于:小传虽小,但小中有大、以小见大。其“小”在于:作者并没有全面勾勒诗人李贺的一生,对他的生平经历也记叙不多,而是选取了他生活中的若干小片段进行插叙,以小片段撑起传记的主干。此外,在篇幅上,全文寥寥数百字,语言极为精练。而其“大”又体现在:极小极短的篇幅却具有很大的容量,集叙事、议论和曲折的抒情于一体。内容浑厚,意味深长。
六、到此为止,我们了解到,作者对“笑”鲲鹏和别人的蜩与学鸠、斥鴳、宋荣子都一一作了否定。那么请大家讨论一下,1、作者对鲲鹏和“知效一官,行比一乡,德合一君,而征一国者”是不是肯定呢?明确:也都作了否定。否定后者好理解,关键是否定前者不好理解,因为“鲲鹏展翅”早已作为积极的意象被人们广泛引用。但在本文中,作者在讲述这一寓言故事时,突出的不是鲲鹏本身,而是风力,“故九万里,风斯在下矣,而后乃今培风;背负青天,而莫之夭阏者,而后乃今将图南”。对风力作用的突出,实际上就是对鲲鹏的否定。作者写了“笑”的双方,对“笑”的一方蜩与学鸠、斥鴳、宋荣子都作了否定,对被“笑”的一方鲲鹏和“知效一官,行比一乡,德合一君,而征一国者”也都作了否定,并且对顺便提及的野马、尘埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥灵、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。这种全盘否定的态度,如果我们借用本文中的一个形象的词语,可以说是:笑!是的,本文也可以说是:庄子“笑”万物!
2.【提问】《醉花阴》反映的是早年丈夫赵明诚游宦在外,作者一个人留在家中的生活状况和内心感受。对于这样的“闺怨”题材,应当怎样评价呢?【明确】作者作为一个封建时代的妇女,能够坦率地表达出自己对于丈夫深深的思恋之情,描写了闺中生活的孤独寂寞,这在当时乃是一种很大胆的行为。所以,有人批评说:李清照作词是“无顾忌”地“肆意落笔”。其实,感情的充沛、真挚,敢于正面地展露自己的行为和内心世界,正是她创作成功的重要原因之一,也正是她的词最值得珍视的地方。3.【提问】古人常常爱用花比喻人之美貌,如“芙蓉如面柳如眉”,“人面桃花相映红”等,而李清照却说“人比黄花瘦”,这样的比喻有什么丰富的内涵?【明确】黄色的菊花不止外形上雅淡、清秀,与作者因相思而消瘦的体态相近,而且在菊花品格的传统象征意义上,也酷似作者清高、淡泊的精神,这样的比喻正比较恰切地反映了当时作者由于离开丈夫而孤独、愁闷的生活状态和内心情感。
一、作者简介:威廉·莎士比亚(1564~1616),英国文艺复兴时期伟大的戏剧家和诗人。(人文主义:欧洲文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶级反封建的社会思潮。资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的价值,要求享受人世的欢乐,要求人的个性解放和自由平等,推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。)一生共写有37部戏剧,154首14行诗,两首长诗和许多其他诗歌。主要代表作有早期的历史剧、喜剧———《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等;中期的悲剧———《哈姆莱特》、《奥瑟罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》等;后期的传奇剧———《暴风雨》等。二、莎士比亚创作《哈姆莱特》的社会背景:莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国伟大的戏剧家和诗人。他生活在欧洲历史上封建制度日趋没落、资本主义兴起的交替时代。哈姆莱特是丹麦古代的王子。莎士比亚故意以超越时代的误差将哈姆莱特搬到伊丽莎白统治未年的英国现实中来。
【教学参考】对“新政”作用的评价史学界对“新政”作用的评价是仁者见仁、智者见智,但基本上有三种观点,即“功大于过论”、“过大于功论”和“功过参半论”。持“功大于过论”者认为“新政”在美国历史上基本上是一种进步现象,首先,“新政”挽救了危机,使美国人民摆脱了危机的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足够的宏观经济政策知识的时代,罗斯福所做的努力确实是开创性的;再次,罗斯福“新政”开启了美国以后历届政府实施国家干预政策的大门,成为缓解自由主义经济制度之弊病的一剂良方,并在实质上加强了美国联邦政府的权威;最后,在30年代资本主义世界经济危机的背景下,同日本、德国为转嫁危机而发动战争的策略相比,“新政”无疑代表了一种进步、民主的解救危机方式。持“过大于功论”者认为“新政”未能使美国走出萧条、步入繁荣。
三、第三阶段。课后感悟与收获1、让学生以“走向学习型社会”为题,将在收集与整理、展示与交流两个环节中获得的体验和感悟,以心得体会的形式写一篇小论文。2、办一期专栏或黑板报,将优秀小论文作集中展示与交流。(进行理论总结,将实践与理论相结合,让科学理论更好地指导实践。充分挖掘学生潜力,增强学生的自信)[评析]新课程理念之一就是政治课不应只局限于课堂上的教与学。把综合探究课与研究性学习相结合,不失为一种有益的尝试。传统的学习方式把学习建立在客观性、受动性、依赖性的基础上,把学生看成一个没有感情的接受容器,这种学习会窒息学生的思维和智力,成为学生发展的障碍。单元探究活动的开展就是要转变学生的学习方式,关注学生的学习过程,使得探究过程成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。本教案的第一阶段充分发挥了学生的主动性。
3、文化是人们的一种素养(1)人的文化素养是在社会生活、实践中形成的。每个人所具有的文化素养,不是天生的,而是通过对社会生活的体验,特别是通过参与文化生活、接受知识文化教育而逐步培养出来的。文化素养的形成,离不开生活、实践和教育。人们在社会实践中创造和发展文化,也在社会生活中获得和享用文化。(2)人的文化素养表现在日常言行中。教师活动:引导学生阅读教材7页“公交车漫画”材料,并思考所反映的问题学生活动:积极思考并讨论问题教师点评:人们的精神活动离不开物质活动,人们的文化素养总是要通过他在日常生活中的言行、在社会实践活动中的表现等表现出来。我们通过观察人们的社会行为,就可以从中透视人们的精神世界和精神生活。4、文化的传承和发展离不开物质载体。社会文化和精神产品离不开物质载体,一个时代的文化和精神产品,往往是这一时代社会发展轨迹的反映。
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.观察下列句子特点,总结共同点。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
四、品味诗歌艺术1、诗人是如何表现其品质的?运用了什么修辞手法?产生了怎样的表达效果?明确:诗句“扈江离与辟芷兮,纫秋兰以为佩”很好地体现了诗人光辉俊洁的人格。用“江离”“辟芷”“秋兰”三种香草来装饰自己,比喻自己,极其生动形象地表现了诗人自己美好的精神世界,使诗歌充满了浪漫主义气息。2、《离骚》中作者常以“香草”、“美物”来比喻自己、贤士和君王,并表达政治理想,这是《离骚》的一大艺术特色,这种方法叫做“移情法”,即不直接说出自己想说的话,而是把它寄寓于某一物上,也就是“移情于物”,这种方法在古典诗词中广泛运用,在政治不清明的时代,借用“移情”,可言难言之语,抒难抒之情。请找出相关的诗句,说说诗人是怎样运用这些比喻来表达政治理想的。
【教学设想】一、选题设想《巴黎圣母院》是雨果的代表作,无论从思想内容还是艺术风格都有明显的浪漫主义特征:奇异曲折、扣人心弦的故事情节;妙趣横生、别出心裁的奇遇巧合;强烈鲜明的美丑、善恶对比;丰富生动、珠玑迸发、富有哲理意味的语言。通过导读,来消除学生对外国名著的畏难情绪,增加学生课外阅读的兴趣和信心;让学生整体把握作品,窥一斑而识全豹,让学生高屋建瓴,了解其旨意,以极为精确而又充满意蕴的文字,对名著的概述及精要部分做了介绍;引导学生自主探究,交流合作,培养学生的独立思考的学习惯,指点进行名著阅读的门径。作为导读课,教师应注意不可“越位”,在学生学习的过程中,教师的“导”固然重要,学生的“读”更不可或缺,应避免以“导读”来代替名著阅读。因此,《巴黎圣母院》的教学定位为基于课内,面向课外,以求达到以学带读,以读促学的目的。