1.教材在学生的原有加速度概念的基础上来讨论“匀速圆周运动速度变化快慢”的问题,让学生知道向心加速度能够表示匀速圆周运动物体速度变化的快慢究竟是怎么一回事。2.教材把向心加速度安排在线速度和角速度知识之后,使学生对描述匀速圆周运动的几个物理量有一个大致的了解。3.教材从了解运动的规律过渡到了解力跟运动关系的规律;把向心加速度放在向心力之前,从运动学的角度来学习向心加速度。4.教材为了培养学生“用事实说话”的“态度”,让一切论述都合乎逻辑,改变了过去从向心力推导向心加速度的教学方式。1.采用理论、实验、体验相结合的教学安排。2.教师启发引导,学生自主阅读、思考,讨论、交流。知识与技能1.会作矢量图表示速度的变化量与速度之间的关系。2.加深理解加速度与速度、速度变化量的区别。3.体会匀速圆周运动向心加速度方向的分析方法。4.知道向心加速度的公式也适用于变速圆周运动;知道变速圆周运动的向心加速度的方向。
教学目标㈠知识与技能1.要弄清实验目的,本实验为验证性实验,目的是利用重物的自由下落验证机械能守恒定律。2.要明确实验原理,掌握实验的操作方法与技巧、学会实验数据的采集与处理,能够进行实验误差的分析,从而使我们对机械能守恒定律的认识,不止停留在理论的推导上,而且还能够通过亲自操作和实际观测,从感性上增加认识,深化对机械能守恒定律的理解。3.要明确织带选取及测量瞬时速度简单而准确的方法。㈡过程与方法1.通过学生自主学习,培养学生设计实验、采集数据,处理数据及实验误差分析的能力。2.通过同学们的亲自操作和实际观测掌握实验的方法与技巧。3.通过对纸带的处理过程培养学生获取信息、处理信息的能力,体会处理问题的方法,领悟如何间接测一些不能直接测量的物理量的方法。
(一)知识与技能1.理解重力势能的概念,会用重力势能的定义进行计算。2.理解重力势能的变化和重力做功的关系,知道重力做功与路径无关。3.知道重力势能的相对性,知道重力势能是物体和地球系统共有的(二)过程与方法:用所学功的概念推导重力做功与路径的关系,亲身感受知识的建立过程(三)情感、态度与价值观1.渗透从对生活中有关物理现象的观察,得到物理结论的方法,激发和培养学生探索自然规律的兴趣.2.培养学生遵守社会公德,防止高空坠物。【教学重点】重力势能的概念及重力做功跟物体重力势能改变的关系。【教学难点】重力势能的系统性和相对性。【教学方法】启发、引导、讲练结合【教学过程】一、新课引入有句话是“搬起石头砸自己的脚”,从物理的角度看待这一问题,搬起的石头有了做功的本领,它就具有了能,这种能我们称为重力势能。我们今天就来学习重力势能。二、新课教学
一、学习任务分析1.教材的地位和作用在物理学中,能量并不是由功定义的。能量的概念是在人类追寻“运动中的守恒量是什么”的过程中发展起来的。能量概念之所以重要,就是因为它是一个守恒量。守恒关系是自然中十分重要的关系,从中学开始加强学生对守恒关系的认识是有益的,因为它是极为重要的研究方向。根据这种认识,所以本节从追寻守恒量出发引入能量概念,为能量学习奠定了基础并把这种物理思想渗透在能量学习的全过程。2.学习的主要任务“追寻守恒量”一节,主要是使学生了解守恒思想的重要性。学生在学习本节课前已经学习了能量的有关知识,在过去的教学中,是先学习能量的概念,而后研究一两个具体问题,发现动能与势能之和在某些过程中不变,由此引出机械能守恒定律。“机械能守恒”这个词学生并不陌生,但是让学生说出自己对它的认识又不是一件容易的事。
知识与技能1.知道地心说和日心说的基本内容.2.知道所有行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是椭圆,太阳处在椭圆的一个焦点上.3.知道所有行星的轨道的半长轴的三次方跟它的公转周期的二次方的比值都相等,且这个比值与行星的质量无关,但与太阳的质量有关.4.理解人们对行星运动的认识过程是漫长复杂的,真理是来之不易的.过程与方法通过托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、开普勒等几位科学家对行星运动的不同认识,了解人类认识事物本质的曲折性并加深对行星运动的理解.情感、态度与价值观1.澄清对天体运动裨秘、模糊的认识,掌握人类认识自然规律的科学方法.2.感悟科学是人类进步不竭的动力.教学重点理解和掌握开普勒行星运动定律,认识行星的运动.学好本节有利于对宇宙中行星的运动规律的认识,掌握人类认识自然规律的科学方法,并有利于对人造卫星的学习.
(给出仪器后先让学生思考如何设计实验、安装仪器、设计实验步骤,而后教师总结)实验步骤如下:①安装调整斜槽 :用图钉把白纸钉在竖直板上,在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②调整木板 :用悬挂在槽口的重锤线把木板调整到竖直方向,并使木板平面与小球下落的竖直面平行,然后把重锤线方向记录到钉在木板上的白纸上,固定木板,使在重复实验的过程中,木板与斜槽的相对位置保持不变。③确定坐标原点:把小球放在槽口处,用铅笔记下小球在槽口时球心在木板上的水平投影点O,O即为坐标原点。④描绘运动轨迹 :用铅笔的笔尖轻轻地靠在木板的平面上,不断调整笔尖的位置,使从斜槽上滚下的小球正好碰到笔尖,然后就用铅笔在该处白纸上点上一个黑点,这就记下了小球球心所对应的位置。保证小球每次从槽上开始滚下的位置都相同,用同样的方法可找出小球平抛轨迹上的一系列位置。取下白纸,描绘小球做平抛运动的轨迹。
动画展示三个宇宙速度(四) 让学生具有振兴中华的使命感与责任感本节课的最后,播放了一段美国登月的视频,让学生发现一些奇妙的物理现象,引导学生发现月球的背景是什么颜色,宇航员行走的模样等等,预计不久的将来,哪个国家也将登上月球,同学们高呼“中国”,那么我们现在能做些什么呢,让同学感想到:我们是祖国的未来的希望,现在需要努力学习科学文化知识,将来为祖国的航天事业做贡献。要培养学生坚韧不拨、勇于探索、协力合作的科学精神以及严谨求实、谦虚谨慎、勇于质疑科学态度;也要培养学习者热爱科学、热爱祖国的情感;努力学习、振兴中华的责任感。这些策略在本案例中得到了体现。(五)练习反馈,拓展延伸:[例题1]“2003年10月15日9时,我国神舟五号宇宙飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射,把我国第一位航天员杨利伟送入太空。飞船绕地球飞行14圈后,于10月16日6时23分安全降落在内蒙古主着陆场。”
《匀速圆周运动》为高中物理必修2第五章第4节.它是学生在充分掌握了曲线运动的规律和曲线运动问题的处理方法后,接触到的又一个美丽的曲线运动,本节内容作为该章节的重要部分,主要要向学生介绍描述圆周运动的几个基本概念,为后继的学习打下一个良好的基础。人教版教材有一个的特点就是以实验事实为基础,让学生得出感性认识,再通过理论分析总结出规律,从而形成理性认识。教科书在列举了生活中了一些圆周运动情景后,通过观察自行车大齿轮、小齿轮、后轮的关联转动,提出了描述圆周运动的物体运动快慢的问题。二、教学目标1.知识与技能①知道什么是圆周运动、什么是匀速圆周运动。理解线速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,会用它们的公式进行计算。②理解线速度、角速度、周期之间的关系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解匀速圆周运动是变速运动。④能够用匀速圆周运动的有关公式分析和解决具体情景中的问题。
1、加强领导,建立机制,保证综治目标的实现学校领导始终把“团结协作,勤奋进取,开拓创新”作为班子建设的目标。把“团结”视为力量的象征,把“协作”视为成功的第一要素,把“勤奋”视为做好工作的必备条件,把“进取”视为工作进展的支柱,把“开拓”视为打开新局面的钥匙,把“创新”视为工作的奋斗目标。每年初,综治领导小组召集有关各方人员进行讨论研究,制订学年度计划和目标。我校先后被评为“合肥市东市区社会治安综合治理模范单位”、“合肥市安全文明校园”、“合肥市未成年人保护示范学校”。今后,我们将再接再厉,奋斗目标是向更高一个档次迈进。(1)健全领导机制我校对学校及周边治安综合治理工作高度重视,我校综治工作的办事机构健全,责任到人,分工明确。由综治领导小组负总责。法人代表为总责任人,成立了以校长为组长,分管领导、政教处、保卫科、团委、年级组长为成员的综治工作领导小组,实行一级对一级负责的责任制。坚决做到“四个落实”:组织人员落实、办公地点落实、规章制度落实、经费保障落实。(2)健全责任机制学校实行定人员、定责任、定时间、定任务、定标准、定奖惩的“六定”责任制。综治办公室对学校及周边治安综合治理工作实行半年检查评比与年终检查评比同步进行,构建了领导责任制、目标管理责任制、责任追究制、“一票否决制”为框架的工作责任落实机制。(3)健全研究机制我校坚持每学期召开2次学校及周边治安整治工作专题会议,每季度召开1次学校及周边治安综合整治工作领导小组成员会议,每月召开一次总结会议,极大地推动学校及周边治安综合治理工作深入开展。学校进一步完善了《学校及周边环境综台治理工作方案》,目标明确,分工到位,并把方案纳入到安全文明创建活动的整体规划中同步实施,把学校及周边治安整治工作作为创建“办人民满意的教育”的重要内容,纳入学校目标量化管理范围,明确时间、任务和创建标准,扎实工作。
(5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
①标题——标题应当简洁明了。②导语——导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话,简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。③主体——主体是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事实表现主题,对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。④结束语——通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。3. 新闻报道增分句子(1)陈述事实常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毁,许多人无家可归。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援队的帮助下,困在洪水中的人们得救了。(2)陈述观点常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “link verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
【教材分析】本节课是高中英语第一册的最后一个单元的阅读和思考部分,文章难度明显增加,体现在以下几个方面:文章题材是说明文,比较难理解;话题生疏,涉及到历史等知识;生词量增大,而且在语境中理解词汇的要求提高。面对这些,教师的难度和高度也要有所提升,通过探讨说明顺序,了解背景知识等帮助他们找到说明文阅读的方法。【教学目标与核心素养】1. 文化意识目标新课程中指出,文化意识是对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同。文化意识的的培养有助于学生增加国家认同和家国情怀,成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。我们这个单元很好体现了这一点,通过了解汉字书写的体系和发展,学生可以有一种文化自豪感,同时也能够帮助学生深入挖掘这篇文章,从而想到更多和中国文化相关的方面。2. 学习能力目标
教学目标知识目标:让学生更好理解如何恰当地写一个人的信息介绍,并能让学生熟练地使用一些写作技能。能力目标:培养学生的写作能力和团队协作能力。情感目标:提升学生对写作的兴趣。教学重难点 教学重点:如何能让学生更好地理解个人信息介绍。教学难点:如何能让学生通过适当地使用一些写作技能来写一篇较好的个人信息介绍。教学准备 多媒体、黑板、粉笔一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考:定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么? 关系词有哪些?定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
1. 标题首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报, 首先要引出话题, 其次列出原因, 最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报, 要写明具体内容, 如: 活动内容, 地点以及参加活动的注意事项, 主持或举办单位等。1. 图片: 要选择引人注目的图片, 与主题要相关, 色彩明亮。话题句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我国的国宝。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因为人类的活动, 老虎处于濒危的状态。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动物面临着灭绝的危险。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃惊, 目前中国仅有不足1 000只江豚。
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑选出来参加运动会。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。