(3)外资经济 教师活动:外资经济是指外国投资者和港澳台投资者根据我国法律法规,在我国大陆设立的独资企业以及中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分。他有利于引进外资和先进技术,学习境外先进管理经验,有利于扩大就业、扩大出口,增加财政收入。 提醒学生注意中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分,不是指中外合资企业、中外合作企业全部资产。并简略介绍中外合资企业与中外合作企业的区别。(4)非公有制经济的地位 是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。教师点拨:请同学们注意比较,非公有制经济的地位与前面集体经济的地位有什么不同?学生活动:积极思考,回答问题教师点拨:集体经济的地位,是社会主义公有制经济的重要组成部分。社会主义公有制经济与社会主义市场经济这两个说法是不同的。(简单了解即可)4、为什么坚持以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展
【教学目标与核心素养】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教学重难点】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教学过程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
一、知识和技能1.了解锋面系统、低压系统、高压系统的特点2.理解气旋与反气旋的形成过程、气流运动特点,掌握气旋、反气旋气流运动的规律性3.使学生掌握气旋和反气旋控制下的天气状况二、过程和方法1.掌握各天气系统活动规律和处在不同天气系统及其不同部位的天气特点,利用天气图进行天气形势分析预报2.能够说明这些天气系统是如何对所到达地区的天气产生影响的,能够结合当地情况分析学校所在地曾经发生的灾害性天气及其影响下的天气系统3.通过研究气旋和反气旋的形成过程,使学生初步具备研究问题的方法与步骤4.通过对冷锋与暖锋天气系统的对比分析来实现学生地理综合分析能力的提高。通过对锋面气旋的分析来建立地理空间思维的习惯三、情感、态度、价值观1.通过本节课学习,让学生懂得学科学、爱科学,献身气象事业,为“四化”建设服务
气候变化对健康的影响 气候变化对人体健康的不良影响是不难发现的:热浪冲击频繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特别是心脏呼吸系统疾病发病率增加;对气候变化敏感的传染性疾病如疟疾和登革热的传播范围可能增加。极端气候事件, 如干旱、水灾、暴风雨等, 使死亡率、伤残率及传染病疾病率上升, 并增加社会心理压力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能与气候变化有间接的关系, 如疟疾是通过蚊子传播的疾病,气候变化可能使某些变暖地区的蚊子数目增加, 从而加重了疟疾的发生。我国1994年疟疾的发病率为5.3408/10万, 居全国法定传染病的第六位。血吸虫病的发展与高温及灌溉系统的扩增有关。我国1994年南方12省市血吸虫病患者的检出率高达3.67%,不能忽视气候变化对此的可能影响。还有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革热、黑热病等也有与气候关系的报道。另外, CO2、一些空气污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加过敏疾患及心脏呼吸系统疾病和死亡。
浅层地下水是贮存于地表松散堆积物中的潜水。主要受降水、气温、蒸发等气象因素影响,有明显的季节变化与日变化,并与河水有相应补给关系,即河水高于潜水面时,河水补给地下水,反之地下水补给河流;深层地下水是长时间内渗入地下深入储存起来的,它缓慢地流出补给河流,受气象因素影响很小,通常只有年变化,季节变化已不明显。当然,一条河流的河水补给来源往往不是单一的,而是以某一种形式为主的混合补给形式,对流域自然条件复杂的大的河流来说尤其如此。我国长江上游地区除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、积雪在夏季融化也补给河流;东北地区的河流,由春季融化积雪补给,夏季则由雨水和地下水补给;西北内陆盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、积雪融化成为河流的主要补给形式。我国季风地区,大部分河流以雨水补给为主,而冬季则由地下水补给。
一、明确课标要求1.了解褶皱的概念和褶皱的基本形态;2.了解褶皱山的形成和褶皱山的基本形态特征;3.能够在不同的示意图中识别和判读背斜与向斜;4.知道和理解断层的概念和断块山的形成,了解断块山的基本形态特征;5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。二、教学目标知识目标:1.结合具体图像,了解褶皱山的形成及基本形态特征。2.能在示意图上识别和判断背斜和向斜。3.理解内外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能够明白其形成的原因。4.能够结合实例,理解断块山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。过程与方法目标:1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内力、外力因素。2.通过案例,尝试联系实际,培养动手演示、判读图像、比较、分析、归纳的能力。
【补充说明】我们这节课简要地分析了陆地环境的三种地域分异规律。实际上,世界上的任何事物有其一般性,也有它的特 殊性。在地带性分异规律的基础上,陆地环境因为受到海陆分布、地形 起伏等因素的影响,也会出现一些不规律的现象,这种现象称为非地带性。例如,我们在初中地理中学过绿洲。还记得什么叫绿洲吗?再比如,在南美洲的西海岸(太平洋沿岸),有一条狭长的(热带)荒漠带,而缺少热带草原带,热带雨林带主要是分布在赤道以北地区。这主要是受大的地形起伏的影响。因为南美洲西部是一列高大的安第斯山脉,受其影响,两边的气候状况不同,所以就出现了分布规律不同的自然带,这也是一种非地带性现象。【总结】有规律分布的自然带构成了全球和谐的自然环境整体。自然带之间错综复杂的、微妙的要素关系,有许多是人类还没有认识到的。因此,人类不能随意去破坏任何哪怕是极微小的环节,也许它 带来的影响会是全球性的。保护全球环境,人人有责。
一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响
一、知识和技能1.使学生了解地球的圈层构造,初步掌握地球内部圈层的组成和划分依据2.使学生了解各内部圈层的界限、厚度、物理性状等。二、过程和方法1.使学生了解研究地球内部构造的方法,从而认识人类对未知事物所进行的探索实践,激发同学们学科学、爱科学的兴趣及责任感。2.了解地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,从宏观上认识全球的整体面貌,形成地球系统观念。3.通过归纳、总结、对比地球内部各层的特点,对学生进行综合归纳等思维能力的培养和训练。三、情感、态度、价值观通过学习对学生进行热爱自然、热爱科学的教育,鼓励学生献身于科学教育事业。【教学重点】1.地震波的波速及传播特点,区别横波与纵波。2.地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,特别是地壳的特点。3.岩石圈概念,软流层知识。
讨论:二氧化碳在大气的受热过程中起到了什么作用?(吸收太阳辐射中的红外线辐射和地面辐射,保温作用)大气中的二氧化碳浓度增大对气温有什么影响?(全球气候变暖)阅读:我们知道了太阳辐射中的可见光和红外 光能量的吸收和转化,那么紫外区的能量到哪儿去了?请同学们查阅资料,自主探讨。小结:大气的受热过 程就是太阳晒热了地面,地面烘热了大气。太阳辐射是大气的根本热源,地面辐射是大气的直接热源。这就是为什么海拔越高,气温越低的原因,难怪高处不胜寒!转承:大气的直接热源是地面,不同性质的地面温度是不同的,同纬度,海洋和陆地就有温差。提问:请学生说说白天和晚上在海边的不同感受。由白天和晚上的风向不同切入实验P32活动。讨论:通过烟雾的飘动,我们得出了什么规律?冷热不均引起了热力环流板书: 二、热力环流板图与分析:结合试验,学生分析热力环流 的产生
晶晶和亮亮是两滴岩浆,他们生活在地球内部的:岩浆之家。一天,他们得到批准,与其他同伴一起到地球表面进行旅行。他们飞快地奔向地表,半路上,晶晶觉得累了,于是就与亮亮约好,在地表汇合。亮亮没有停步,与其他伙伴一起跳出地表,并沿着山坡往低处流动。忽然,亮亮发现自己不能再动了,不禁问旁边的同伴这是怎么一回事。同伴笑着说:“别担心,只不过你已经不再是岩浆罢了。”问题1、为什么同伴说亮亮已经不再是一滴岩浆了?2、你认为亮亮还可以继续他的地表旅行吗?请说明原因。(由学生讨论回答。)过了好长的一段时间,亮亮发现自己的个头变小了,并随着风和流水往前运动了。亮亮边走边欣赏着地表美丽的风光。忽然,亮亮发现一个熟悉的身影,认真一看,原来是晶晶。亮亮惊讶地问:“你是怎么来到地表的?”3、请你简要推测晶晶到达地表的过程。(由学生讨论回答。)亮亮和晶晶又一起踏上旅程。
【导入新课】一位在青藏高原上跋涉的旅行者,途中休息时从路边岩层中随手拿起一块小石 头玩赏时受小石子的纹路的吸引,他不禁仔细观瞧,吃惊地发现这竟是一个古代海洋生物化石!近年来,人们在台湾海 峡海底某些地方发现有古代森林的遗迹。这些发现告诉我们什么? 【学生讨论回答】略。 【教师总结概括】地壳和宇宙间一切物质一样,处在不停的运动变化之中。那么地表千姿百态的形态是如何营造的呢?这就是我们这节课要解决的课题【板书】第四章:地表形态的塑造 第一节:营造地表形态的力量【提问】哪位同学能够例举营造地表形态的力量改变地表面貌的实例? (学生讨论、回答问题。教师在副板书上一一记录。) 【过渡】营造地表形态的力量具体划分有很多种,但归纳起来看可以划分为两种,即内力作用和外力作用,首先我们来看一下内力作用.【板书】一、内力作用 【指导读书】请大家阅读教材P74第一段和案例1,思考:
高斯(Gauss,1777-1855),德国数学家,近代数学的奠基者之一. 他在天文学、大地测量学、磁学、光学等领域都做出过杰出贡献. 问题1:为什么1+100=2+99=…=50+51呢?这是巧合吗?试从数列角度给出解释.高斯的算法:(1+100)+(2+99)+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法实际上解决了求等差数列:1,2,3,…,n,"… " 前100项的和问题.等差数列中,下标和相等的两项和相等.设 an=n,则 a1=1,a2=2,a3=3,…如果数列{an} 是等差数列,p,q,s,t∈N*,且 p+q=s+t,则 ap+aq=as+at 可得:a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51问题2: 你能用上述方法计算1+2+3+… +101吗?问题3: 你能计算1+2+3+… +n吗?需要对项数的奇偶进行分类讨论.当n为偶数时, S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2当n为奇数数时, n-1为偶数
我们知道数列是一种特殊的函数,在函数的研究中,我们在理解了函数的一般概念,了解了函数变化规律的研究内容(如单调性,奇偶性等)后,通过研究基本初等函数不仅加深了对函数的理解,而且掌握了幂函数,指数函数,对数函数,三角函数等非常有用的函数模型。类似地,在了解了数列的一般概念后,我们要研究一些具有特殊变化规律的数列,建立它们的通项公式和前n项和公式,并应用它们解决实际问题和数学问题,从中感受数学模型的现实意义与应用,下面,我们从一类取值规律比较简单的数列入手。新知探究1.北京天坛圜丘坛,的地面有十板布置,最中间是圆形的天心石,围绕天心石的是9圈扇环形的石板,从内到外各圈的示板数依次为9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型号的女装上对应的尺码分别是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.测量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大气温度,得到从距离地面20米起每升高100米处的大气温度(单位℃)依次为25,24,23,22,21 ③
1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
对于教材最后一段内容,设计如下一个课堂研讨题。让学生课前查找有关资料,在主动获取知识的过程中,对比17、18世纪中国和欧洲的历史,了解为什么会出现不同的发展趋势?【课堂研讨】17、18世纪中国和欧洲的封建国家都进行了加强君主专制的改革措施。如东方有康熙大帝,西方有路易“太阳王”,他们都使中、法两国进入到封建的鼎盛时代。但改革却在中国和欧洲产生了不同影响。这是为什么?通过网络或有关论著,查找有关资料让学生发表自己的观点和看法。启示:17、18世纪的中国在政治上空前强化君主专制,在经济上重农抑商,在外交上闭关锁国,影响了中国资本主义萌芽的正常发展;文化上文字狱,禁锢了文化。17、18世纪的欧洲在政治上加强君主专制来反对罗马教廷的控制,却实行君主开明专制;在经济上实行重商主义;在外交上鼓励对外扩张,促进了资本主义在欧洲的发展;文化上,启蒙思想蓬勃发展。