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新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(说话时，并不一定正在进行)3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly 等表示频度的副词连用，这种用法常常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作(仅限于少数及物动词)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时, 其中的介词不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2．可与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。She may be being punished by her mother.3．有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4．某些表示“状态、心理活动、存在”等的动词，如have，want，need，love，一般不用现在进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态。With the population increasing，more land is needed.5．“be＋under/in＋n.”可表示现在进行时的被动意义。My computer is under repair.＝My computer is being repaired.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案二
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。1．(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club．4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案二
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading and Thinking教案二
Q5：What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6：What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading for Writing教案二
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有礼貌, 你被攻击的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:温故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，．．．3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge)．Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:过去分词作定语时的意义1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last．我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon．会上提出的计划将很快被执行。2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案二
Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案二
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 5 Music-Discovering Useful Structures教案二
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及他为什么要这么做时, 班长说这是他的职责
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1：What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading for Writing教案二
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
人教版高中语文必修3《马嵬（其二）》教案2篇
结合历史自古以来，江山美人历来都是引无数英雄豪杰竞折腰的，如果说英雄选择了美人却丢了江山，把所有罪名都归结于“女人是祸水”。但是，纣王无道，和有了妲己有必然的联系吗？有人说妲己坏透了，坏透了的妲己如果不是取得纣王的信任是坏不起来的，纣王听信了妲己的谗言，听与不听决定权在纣王，而不在妲己。强势永远在纣王一边。再来看看西施和杨贵妃：西施是作为越国贡献给吴国的供品来到吴王夫差的身边的，杨贵妃更是先是李隆基的儿媳妇被看中而得宠的。所以，西施和杨贵妃这两个可怜的女人根本没有自己的独立选择，没有独立的爱情，如果没有西施，就会有南施，或北施；如果没有杨贵妃，就会有李贵妃，王贵妃，总之什么施，什么妃是不能少的，因为那是吴王和李隆基的需要。
XX—XX学年第二学期学雷锋国旗下讲话稿
“如果你是一滴水，你是否滋润了一寸土地？如果你是一缕阳光，你是否照亮了一分黑暗？如果你是一颗最小的螺丝钉，你是否永远守在你的岗位上。。。。。。这，就是雷锋日记里最令人感慨万千的一段话。它揭示了雷锋精神的精髓——那就是付出，默默无闻地付出！那就是奉献，不求回报的奉献！那就是努力，不遗余力的努力！虽然雷锋已离开了我们，可是他那全心全意为人民服务的崇高理想；他那刻苦钻研，坚持学习的优秀品质；他那敬业爱岗，恪尽职守的工作态度，是值得我们永远学习的，向雷锋同志学习将是一个永恒的主题。在我们校园里，也有很多具有雷锋精神的好同学。那些拾金不昧的同学；那些在班级劳动中脏活抢着干的同学；那些看到地上有垃圾自觉捡起来的同学；那些认真刻苦学习的同学；那些主动帮助有困难之人的同学……他们不都是雷锋精神在我们实现生活中的体现吗？
国旗下的讲话：铭记一二·九（学生演讲稿）
国旗下的讲话：铭记一二·九 各位老师、同学们：早上好！今天是一二。九运动的纪念日，这个青年学生的爱国运动距今已有73周年了。今天，站在鲜艳的国旗下，让我们一同回顾历史：谁都应该记得1935年的12月9日，谁都不应该忘记“一二。九”这场轰轰烈烈的学生爱国救亡运动。虽然，它早已成为历史，但它的事迹，它的精神，却早已铭刻进了我们每一位炎黄子孙的心中。他们用自己的青春和热血掀起了全国抗日救亡运动新的高潮。今天，我们在这里缅怀一二。九先辈的功绩，心潮澎湃，不能自己。作为新时代的青少年，同学们，我们又应该做些什么？抗战时期的大中学学生，他们把自己的生命和国家的命运、民族的兴亡，紧紧的联系在了一起。而我们，是否也应该象他们一样呢？答案当然是肯定的，但现实又如何呢？台下的有一部分同学，当你在课堂上无精打采的听课时，当你将青春耗费在虚拟的网络时空时，当你沉溺于追逐流行和崇拜明星时，当你盲目的“耍酷”“装帅”，张扬你所谓的“个性”时，不知你是否想到了作为当代青少年那肩头沉重的使命感？
XX年春季学期第二周国旗下讲话稿：开学寄语
亲爱的龙娃们：自主设计的幸福作业、丰富多彩的寒假活动、大胆创新的自信展示，注定让我们龙小的开学非同一般。纵观整个常州学校的开学亮点，有送福袋聘岗位的，有化身猴王送祝福的，有cosplay谈理想的，有制作元宵猜灯谜的，还有个人才艺大比拼的……我们龙小的开学第一天期初课程不仅让每一个龙娃都参与其中、策划展示，更是告别了以往纸质作业有头无尾的状态，把寒假的幸福作业延伸到开学，进行长程地思考，有活动、有反馈，让我们每一个同学的寒假作业都有了形式多样的评价。在为期一天半的以“幸福作业233，龙娃风采猴赛雷”为主题的期初课程中，我们看到了你们角逐奖项的自信，看到了你们全能明星的风采，看到了小队海选的创意，让“上海国际救助儿童会”考察团的所有老师们都为我们竖起了大拇指！在这，我想借助六8班徐祝康同学创作的《致幸福作业展示中的你……》这首小诗，给所有努力的龙娃们点个赞：致在积极展示自己寒假作业的同学们，教室里有你们洪亮的声音，
初二学生国旗下讲话稿——告别童年，走向成熟
大家好！我是来自初二（9）班的吴佩臻，今天我国旗下的讲话题目为“告别童年 走向成熟”两天后，就是儿童节了，首先我在这里祝大家儿童节快乐。而对于我们初二的同学们来说，这是最后一个儿童节，也将标志着我们告别童年，带着早已沸腾在血液中的成熟，早已准备着跳动青春的气息，真正地成为一名青少年，去拥抱五岁的天空。时光荏苒，蓦然回首，这十几年，我们在成长的道路上，印下了一个个或大或小或深或浅的足迹。十几年来，我们用天真烂漫的情怀，编织了一首人生中最难以忘怀的童年之歌。还记得月光下和小伙伴在庭院里洒下的咯咯笑声吗？那是我们快乐的童年。还记得冲刺外校前奔波于各个培优点之间的匆匆身影吗？那是我们紧张忙碌的童年。还记得刚入校时我们无法适应新生活而挂在嘴边的声声抱怨吗？那是我们受挫的童年。
人教版高中政治必修3第二课文化对人的影响精品教案
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。一个民族，没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格，不可能自立于世界民族之林。“铁人”精神是“爱国、创业、求实、奉献”的大庆精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括：“为祖国分忧、为民族争气”的爱国主义精神；为“早日把中国石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”，“宁肯少活二十年，拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神；干事业“有条件要上，没有条件创造条件也要上”的艰苦奋斗精神；“要为油田负责一辈子”，“干工作要经得起子孙万代检查”，对工作精益求精，为革命“练一身硬功夫、真本事”的科学求实精神；不计名利，不计报酬，埋头苦干的“老黄牛”精神；等等。40多年来，“铁人”精神早已家喻户晓，深入人心，成为大庆人的共同理想、信念和行为准则。“铁人”精神是对王进喜崇高思想、优秀品德的高度概括，体现了我国工人阶级精神风貌和中华民族传统美德的完美结合。“铁人”精神是战胜困难、勇往直前、不断取得新胜利的巨大精神力量。“铁人”精神是我们强大的精神支柱。
人教版高中政治必修4第十二课实现人生的价值教案
有的学者还指出，要坚持集体主义还必须将集体主义的价值精神与社会主义市场经济的要求结合起来，批判地继承计划经济时代倡导的集体主义，合理地对其进行体系结构的调整和内容的更新，形成新的集体主义。与传统的集体主义相比，这种新的集体主义应具有如下两个主要特点。其一，强调集体的出发点是为了维护集体成员的正当个人利益。传统的集体主义具有片面强调集体至上性、绝对性的弊端；新的集体主义必须依据社会主义市场经济的现实要求，将集体应当对个人承担的义务加以科学的阐释。真正的集体应该维护各个集体成员的个人利益，实现组成集体的各个主体的自我价值。这种新型的集体主义是对社会主义市场经济条件下社会关系的真实反映，既与个人主义有本质区别，也不同于传统的集体主义。其二，要体现道德要求的先进性与广泛性的统一。
人教版高中政治必修4第二课百舸争流的思想教案
不可知论是否认人们认识世界或彻底改造世界的可能性的哲学学说。此概念首先由英国的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出，不可知论的思想在古代就已产生，欧洲近代的主要代表是休谟和康德。其本质是把人的感觉看作是主观和客观之间的屏障而不是桥梁，不承认在感觉之外有确实可靠的客观外部世界的存在，不懂得认识过程中本质与现象、有限与无限的辩证关系。对不可知论最有力的驳斥是实践。有时不可知论一词也用以专指针对宗教教义而提出的一种学说，认为上帝是否存在、灵魂是否不朽是不可知的。2．二元论二元论是认为世界有两个本原的哲学学说，与一元论相对立，它把物质和意识绝对对立起来，认为物质和意识是两个各自独立、相互平行发展着的实体，谁也不产生谁，谁也不决定谁，都是世界的本原。它的观点是错误的：它肯定精神不依赖于物质而独立存在，这本身就是唯心主义的观点；它虽然承认物质是独立的本原，但在说明物质和精神的关系时，又把精神说成是唯一具有能动性的力量，必然倒向唯心主义。主要代表人物是法国的笛卡儿和德国的康德。