素养提升作文中怎样运用“以小见大”的写作手法(1)以小人物见大。这里的“小人物”是指在社会上不出名、没有影响的人。以小人物见大,即以生活中平凡的小人物为叙写对象,通过塑造小人物的形象,揭示其闪光的品质,彰显其伟大的人格,折射出底层人民的光芒,喻人以大道理,动人以大感情,从而起到激励、感化读者的大作用。(2)以小事见大。可以通过叙写生活中极其平常的小事阐述一个大的道理。文化常识典故故事——君子之交“君子之交”语出《庄子·山木》:“且君子之交淡若水,小人之交甘若醴;君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。”君子之交,意思是贤者之间的交情,平淡如水,不尚虚华。唐贞观年间,薛仁贵尚未得志之前,与妻子住在一个破窑洞中,衣食无着落,全靠王茂生夫妇接济。后来,薛仁贵参军,在跟随唐太宗李世民御驾东征时,立下汗马功劳,被封为“平阳郡公”。一登龙门,身价百倍,前来送礼祝贺的文武大臣络绎不绝,可都被薛仁贵婉言谢绝了。
本教学设计着眼于民歌特点。第1课时重在诵读诗歌,设计不同层次的读,引导学生从诗歌的形式、节奏、韵律、情感四个方面感受民歌形式自由、具有韵律美、节奏感强、情感富于变化的特点,从而体会民歌的情味。第2课时重在品读诗歌,引导学生通过品析情节、品味语言、析读主题等方式,体会诗歌语言刚健明朗而质朴生动的特点,逐层解读民歌所塑造的传奇形象,并理解民歌所传达的爱国情怀。素养提升互 文互文,也叫互辞,是古诗文中常用的一种修辞手法。古文中对它的解释是:“参互成文,合而见义。”具体地说,它是这样一种表现形式:上下两句或一句话中的两个部分,看似各说两件事,实则是互相呼应,互相阐发,互相补充,说的是一件事。即上下文义互相交错、互相渗透、互相补充地来表达一个完整的意思。初中阶段,常见的互文一般有三类:(1)单句互文单句互文,即在同一个句子中前后两个词语在意义上相互交错、渗透、补充。如:秦时明月汉时关。
活动目标:1、通过操作,引导幼儿感知丝绸和玻璃摩擦之后,能产生静电的现象。2、引导幼儿迁移运用所获得的感性经验,自制小玩具,激发幼儿探索周围事物的兴趣。活动准备:1、玻璃板、薄纸、大头针、丝绸布料2、在干燥的天气进行活动,因为干燥的天气容易产生静电活动过程:一、组织幼儿认识“小指人”,激发探索的兴趣。1、师:“小朋友,这是什么?”(一张薄纸)师:“现在老师用剪刀剪一下,变成了什么?”(老师剪成几个1.5——2厘米高的小纸人,要使小纸人站立不倒,可以在小纸人中间插上一根大头针)2、师:“可爱的小纸人,请你们给小朋友跳个舞吧!”幼儿发现“小纸人”没有跳舞。师问:“你们能不能想办法让它跳起舞呢?”3、请幼儿用各种办法让“小纸人”跳动,谁想出来的办法好。
读文感悟。 1、出示:邓小平爷爷( )地种柏树。 师:同学们带着这个问题仔细读课文,用“——”划出有关句子。然后想一想,“( )”里填什么词比较恰当。 2、生自由读课文,边读边划。 3、 全班汇报交流。 师:你认为邓小平爷爷( )地种柏树,从哪些地方体现出来? (以读为主,引导学生学会读课文,尊重学生个性化的理解。“( )”里可填“起劲、仔细、认真、一丝不苟、小心”等等,随机进行读文,结合语言文字训练,体会邓小平爷爷积极为祖国绿化作贡献的精神。) (如:找出邓小平爷爷种树的动作词“挖、挑选、移、填、站在、扶正”,同桌伙伴,一人做动作,一人口述植树过程。“移”字可换“放”字比较理解。) 4、 四人小组讨论:邓小平爷爷为什么种树?他是怎么想的? (结合课前收集的邓小平爷爷的资料理解,体会邓小平爷爷一心为国之心,激发学生参与绿化的热情。)
一、教学目标1、让学生懂得使用文明用语是学生应有的美德。2、让学生知道常用的文明用语,并学会运用。3、培养学生使用文明用语的良好习惯。
《朝天子·咏喇叭》:这篇散曲借咏喇叭,讽刺和揭露了明代宦官作威作福、鱼肉百姓的罪恶行径,表达了对宦官专横跋扈、趾高气扬嘴脸的强烈憎恶之情。(2)根据上面的分析,适当运用轻重音、升降调等朗读技巧,有感情地反复朗读。(3)这几首诗词曲中,你最喜欢哪几句?说说你喜欢的理由,而后有感情地诵读。预设 【示例一】我喜欢“山河千古在,城郭一时非”。这两句以祖国山河万世永存与城郭一时沦陷进行对比,突出诗人对收复大宋江山的信念和对元人的蔑视。【示例二】我喜欢“无限山河泪,谁言天地宽”。从这两句我感受到了作者的满腔悲愤。作者一直盼望明王朝东山再起,可时运不济,命运多舛,恢复国土、重整山河的宏愿一次次落空,令作者感到深深的失望。【示例三】我喜欢“赢,都变做了土;输,都变做了土”。这两句揭示了深刻的道理,意为国家间无论怎样争斗,终究会在历史的长河中渐渐湮灭,在无尽的沧桑中被遗忘,化为沉寂的黄土。经过前面的诵读、品读环节,学生们对这几首诗词已经有了了解,再安排学生背诵,可以使学生印象更深。
预设 “海内存知己,天涯若比邻”一反送别诗伤感悲戚的格调,体现出高远的志趣和旷达的胸怀,表明诚挚的友谊可以超越时空。此句蕴含哲理,给人以莫大的安慰和鼓舞,因此成为远隔千里的朋友间表达深情厚谊的名句。设问3:“气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城”中的“蒸”和“撼”换成“滋”和“摇”好不好?为什么?预设 不好。“蒸”是蒸腾的意思,形象地描绘了洞庭湖雾气蒸腾、湖面浩渺的画面;“撼”是摇撼的意思,描绘出了洞庭湖波涛汹涌似要撼动岳阳城的雄伟壮阔的景象,且“撼”还能传达出诗人面对湖水时心胸似乎也被震荡,从而想要建功立业的主观感受。如果换成“滋”和“摇”则显得境界小、力度弱,没有这样的气势和表达效果。【设计意图】此环节主要采用问题引领的方式,一步步引导学生品味诗歌中的名句和富有表现力的字词,感受古人炼字的智慧,从而更加深入地理解诗歌情感和艺术手法。
【示例二】我喜欢“斫去桂婆娑,人道是,清光更多”。这里的“桂婆娑”指带给人民黑暗的婆娑桂影,它不仅包括南宋朝廷内外的投降势力,也包括了金人的势力。作者在这一句中,运用神话传说,以超现实的奇思妙想,表达渴望扫除黑暗,让光明普照人间的愿望。【设计意图】在这一环节,引导学生先理解词作的意思和情感再诵读,加深学生对词作的印象,提升学生对词作的诵读感悟能力。五、反复诵读,默写诗词1.学生独立背诵。2.同桌互相检查背诵。3.开展背诵比赛。4.集体默写四首词。结束语:诵读古诗词,可以陶冶我们的情操,激发我们的想象力,与古人对话。希望同学课下能自主阅读一些经典古诗词,在感受它们魅力的同时提升我们的文学素养。【设计意图】在前面几个环节,学生已经从不同层次诵读了四首词,对这四首词有了一定的理解。本环节让学生在此基础上用不同方式背诵,加深记忆。
[乙]爱是人世间最完美的一种情感,爱就像一缕冬日里的阳光,能让饥寒交迫的人感到温暖;爱就像一泓沙漠中的清泉,能使濒临绝境的人看到希望;爱就像一盏黑暗中的路灯,能让迷惘的人找到方向。我们要让爱永驻心中,哪怕只是对父母的一句“我爱你们”、对朋友的一句“加油”、对摔倒老人的一次伸手。多一份行动,多一份传递,多一种信念,尽自己的微薄之力去帮助他人,回报社会,让爱的种子飞得更远更广,永远地扎根于人们的心中!(生交流讨论)预设 乙结尾运用了比喻、排比等修辞手法,语言更加生动,富于表现力,尤其是排比句的运用,使得句式整齐、有气势,情感表达有感染力。另外,结尾段不断重申观点,也起到了加深听众印象的效果。师:除了运用修辞手法之外,根据演讲稿的特点,我们还可以从哪些方面锤炼语言来增强演讲的表达效果呢?(生结合演讲稿的特点,讨论交流)预设 (1)运用一些口语、大众化的语言,拉近与听众的距离。(2)多用短句,少用结构复杂的长句,使语意清晰,简短易懂。
活动目标:1. 了解动物的不动种类,能说出几种动物的名称及主要特征.2. 了解海洋动物与人之间的关系,形成爱护海洋动物的意识.3. 培养倾听的习惯,激发与同伴合作、竞争的意识.活动准备:1. 参观水族馆.2. 开展以“海洋动物”为主题的生成活动.
五.研习第一段:1.诵读指导要处理好句中停顿2.请学生对照注释翻译本段重点词句:学不可以已已:停止。青,取之于蓝而青于蓝于:从;比。木直中绳中:zhàng符合,合于。虽有槁暴,不复挺者,揉使之然也有通又,揉通煣,以火烘木,使其弯曲。然:这样。翻译:故木受绳则直,金就砺则利,君子博学而日参省乎己,则知明而行无过矣。所以木材经墨线画过(再用斧锯加工)就直了,金属刀剑拿到磨刀石上(磨过)就锋利了,君子广博地学习并且每天对自己检验反省,就能智慧明达,行为没有过错了。3.本段是从哪个角度论述中心论点的?明确:本段是从学习的意义这个角度论述中心论点的。荀子认为人的知识、道德、才能都不是天生成的,而是后天不断学习获得的,学习的意义十分重大,所以学习不能停止。4.本段中几个比喻句是为了说明什么道理?学生讨论发言,教师明确:
二、程朱理学:1、宋代“理学”的产生:(1)含义:所谓“理学”,就是用“理学”一词来指明当时两宋时期所呈现出来的儒学。广义的理学,泛指以讨论天道问题为中心的整个哲学思潮,包括各种不同的学派;狭义的理学,专指程颢、程颐、朱熹为代表的,以“理”为最高范畴的学说,称为“程朱理学”。理学是北宋政治、社会、经济发展的理论表现,是中国古代哲学长期发展的结果,是批判佛、道学说的产物。他们把“理”或“天理”视作哲学的最高范畴,认为理无所不在,不生不灭,不仅是世界的本原,也是社会生活的最高准则。在穷理方法上,程颢“主静”,强调“正心诚意”;程颐“主敬”,强调“格物致知”。在人性论上,二程主张“去人欲,存天理”,并深入阐释这一观点使之更加系统化。二程学说的出现,标志着宋代“理学”思想体系的正式形成。【合作探究】宋代“理学”兴起的社会条件:
三、第三阶段。课后感悟与收获1、让学生以“走向学习型社会”为题,将在收集与整理、展示与交流两个环节中获得的体验和感悟,以心得体会的形式写一篇小论文。2、办一期专栏或黑板报,将优秀小论文作集中展示与交流。(进行理论总结,将实践与理论相结合,让科学理论更好地指导实践。充分挖掘学生潜力,增强学生的自信)[评析]新课程理念之一就是政治课不应只局限于课堂上的教与学。把综合探究课与研究性学习相结合,不失为一种有益的尝试。传统的学习方式把学习建立在客观性、受动性、依赖性的基础上,把学生看成一个没有感情的接受容器,这种学习会窒息学生的思维和智力,成为学生发展的障碍。单元探究活动的开展就是要转变学生的学习方式,关注学生的学习过程,使得探究过程成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。本教案的第一阶段充分发挥了学生的主动性。
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上,根据上下文语境和表达逻辑,能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习,学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
本板块的活动主题是“谈论节日活动”(Talk about festival activities),主要是从贴近学生日常生活的角度来切入“节日”主题。学生会听到发生在三个国家不同节日场景下的简短对话,对话中的人们正在参与或将要亲历不同的庆祝活动。随着全球化的进程加速,国际交流日益频繁,无论是国人走出国门还是外国友人访问中国,都已成为司空见惯的事情。因此,该板块所选取的三个典型节日场景都是属于跨文化交际语境,不仅每组对话中的人物来自不同的文化背景,对话者的身份和关系也不尽相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法;能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题,进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑,了解节日风俗发展与变迁,感悟节日的内涵与意义。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过说话人所表达的内容、说话的语气、语调等来判断其态度和情绪;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对具体的道德困境发表自己的看法和见解,能否掌握听力理训练中的听力策略。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亚州的历史,体会多元文化对美国的影响。
该板块的活动主题是“介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。该板块通过介绍中国城继续聚焦中国文化。本单元主题图呈现的是旧金山中国城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中国城,为该板块作铺垫。介绍中国城的目的主要是体现中国文化与美国多元文化的关系,它是美国多元文化的重要组成部分。中国城也是海外华人的精神家园和传播中国文化的重要窗口,外国人在中国城能近距离体验中国文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.