(7)精讲即精讲点拨,释疑解难。现代教育理论一方面强调学生学习的主动性;另一方面也重视发挥教师的积极性。课堂活动的主动性、合理性、有效性的实现还有赖于教师的讲。精讲就要求教师的讲授内容精要,分析精辟,语言精彩、节奏精练、点拨精当。从内容上看,本节课精讲主要有三处:一、运动的含义;二、运动是物质的根本属性;三、静止是运动的特殊状态。2、教学手段多媒体辅助教学。六、教学过程第一步:创设情景,用“谜语”导入新课。使学生置身于教学内容的情景之中,产生继续探究的强烈愿望。第二步:运用直观、形象的画面将教学目标问题,唤起学生参与欲望,驱使学生去思考,去自读。第三步:引导学生相互讨论,实现学生之间的横向交流。第四步:教师依据反馈信息,给予重点讲授、提示点拨、搭桥铺路。第五步:设置故事型的模拟法庭,开展讨论,在高潮中结束新课。第六步:总结概括,深化知识,形成网络。
5.课堂练习,夯实基础。得出原理方法论之后,给学生一分钟时间记忆,然后一名或几名学生上讲台默写,其他同学相互提问。针对这一基本概念,设置一道选择题。6、播放黄宏、宋丹丹小品《回家》片段,引发学生的兴趣,接着教师展示几幅关于手机的图片,然后让学生结合图片,进行讨论交流解决“合作探究二”,然后进行抢答(可以引发学生的竞争,从而调动课堂气氛)。教师在学生回答基础上,引导学生得出发展的实质这一结论,接着教师展示“如何判断一个事物是新事物还是旧事物的标准”,结合这一标准,让学生判断“电脑科技算命是不是新事物”,学生很容易就可以得出结论。7.教师简单总结刚刚学过的内容,引出“运动、变化是不是发展?”然后让学生讨论交流“合作探究三”。然后进行抢答,教师在学生回答基础上,稍加点评,给予积极地评价,然后展示答案。8.教师引导学生得出本节课的第二个原理与方法论,并让学生当堂记忆,可以简单提问。然后做课堂达标题,在学生展示答案后,教师简单点拨即可。
学生回答:推动社会发展的矛盾是:生产力和生产关系的矛盾,经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾。问题:你知道人类社会存在和发展的基础吗?学生回答,步步深入。社会发展的规律是生产关系一定要适合生产力发展的规律,上层建筑一定要适合经济基础状况的规律。你是如何理解这两个规律的?请举例说明。那么你是如何理解这一规律的,请举例说明学生阅读教材第二目,并举例说明。培养学生自我学习能力。教师归纳:总结生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系原理。过渡:我们掌握了社会发展的规律,那么同学们来说一下,社会发展呈什么趋势?这一趋势怎么实现的?社会矛盾的解决方式有几种,为什么会有这么的区别,我们国家的矛盾解决靠什么方式来完成?学生阅读教材第三目,学生分组合作探究,交流发言。设计意图:提升推导能力,引导深化认识。教师归纳总结:社会历史发展的总趋势是前进的、上升的,发展的过程是曲折的。
材料说明了什么?探究二:材料分析:2005年12月13日至18日,WTO第六次部长级会议在香港召开。会议经过谈判通过了《部长宣言》,规定发达成员和部分发展中成员2008年前向最不发达国家所有产品提供免关税、免配额的市场准入;发达成员2006年取消棉花的出口补贴, 2013年年底前取消所有形式农产品出口补贴。材料体现了世界贸易组织在国际经济贸易领域中发挥哪些作用?探究三:P97:A、这些图示,反映出我国利用外资哪些特点?。B、能为我国提高外资利用水平提出些建议吗?探究四:材料展示:我国是人口众多的发展中大国,全国居民每天消费总额达到37亿元。每天消费粮食75万吨,相当于一个县级商品粮基地的全年产量;每天消耗猪肉6万吨,食油1万吨,糖1.6万吨,鲜蛋1.8万吨。每天购买杂志600多万册,报纸5000多万份,需要400量中型载货汽车才能装载。
思考提示在阶级社会中,社会基本矛盾的解决主要是通过阶级斗争实现的,阶级斗争是推动阶级社会发展的直接动力,当旧的生产关系严重阻碍生产力发展,需要进行变革时,代表旧的生产关系的没落阶级却不会自动退出历史舞台,利用旧的上层建筑维护自己的统治,只有代表新生产力发展方向的阶级通过社会革命,推翻没落的阶级统治,才能解放生产力,推动社会向前发展。所以,阶级社会的进步往往是通过激烈的社会革命实现的。但是,社会主义社会与阶级社会不同,这是因为,社会主义社会中,生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾是一种非对抗性矛盾,不需要通过一个阶级推翻另一个阶级的阶级斗争的方式来解决,只能通过改革实现社会的发展,通过对生产关系和上层建筑进行改革,实现社会主义的自我完善,从而促进社会的发展。所以,我国经济体制改革是在坚持社会主义制度的前提下,改革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展的一系列相互联系的环节和方面。
3.柏拉图(公元前427一前347)古希腊哲学家。生于雅典。苏格拉底的弟子,亚里士多德的老师。他曾在雅典创办学园,收徒讲学,逐步建立起欧洲哲学史上第一个客观唯心主义体系。他也是欧洲哲学史上第一个有大量著作传世的哲学家。他提出世界的本源是“理念”,现实中的事物都是“理念”的摹本。人的知识来源于对“理念”的回忆。柏拉图的哲学思想对后世影响很大,有人说,柏拉图之后的欧洲哲学思想都是对柏拉图思想的注脚。4.黑格尔(1770—1t53l)19世纪德国古典哲学家,客观唯心主义者、辩证法大师。生于斯图加特,卒于柏林。出身于官僚家庭。曾在图宾根神学院学习哲学和神学。大学毕业后,做过几年家庭教师。后任报纸编辑、中学校长、大学讲师、教授和柏林大学校长。黑格尔是在法国革命的直接影响下成长起来的,青年时朝气蓬勃,非常激进。他还深受著名诗人歌德的影响。1818年,他到柏林大学任教后,公开美化普鲁士专制制度,号召人们同现实妥协。
(2)历史课本中历朝历代的文化发展。(3)政治生活中关于综合国力竞争的相关知识。(4)了解文化产业的发展,深入体会知识经济、文化经济现象。五、【方法点津】:(1)坚持理论联系实际的方法,感悟文化现象,理解文化内涵,分析文化的作用,增强文化学习的自觉性。(2)自学探究。以课本的简单提示为线索,深入探究文化与经济、政治的相互交融,探究文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用。(3)集体讨论。针对当前国际竞争的实质,探讨我国应如何发展文化产业、发展文化生产力、增强文化竞争力;讨沦为更好地应对文化竞争,作为中学生目前应做好哪些准备。六、【课文导语】:文化,一个我们十分熟悉的词汇。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人说,文化是知识;有人说,文化是艺术。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社会生活中细细体味,我们就能真切地感悟“文化”的内涵与文化的力量。
A生产方式是人类社会存在和发展的基础人要生存必须有吃、穿、住、用等物质生活资料,只有生存问题解决了才能谈得上社会的存在和发展,才能从事其他的活动(教育、艺术、体育、政治)。而要获得物质生活资料,必须从事物质资料的生产劳动。在这一活动中,形成了现实的生产力和生产关系,即生产方式。【思想教育】落后必然挨打,我国大力发展经济,就是为了发展生产力。发展是硬道理,中国解决一切问题的关键在与自己的发展。要积极支持改革开放,积极投身于经济建设中去。现在学好知识将来教育育人,为社会培养更多的合格人才。B生产方式决定着社会的性质和面貌社会生活纷繁复杂,包括经济生活、政治生活、精神生活、婚姻家庭生活等许多方面。这些方面都受生产方式的制约,有什么样的生产方式,就有什么样的社会结构;不同的生产方式,表现为不同性质的社会形态。社会的整个面貌只能从生产方式中得到科学的说明。【举例】家庭联产承包责任制的产生与推广1958年的人民公社化运用曾使中国农民在劳动和分配上都实行绝对的平均主义,大锅饭的结果是饭越吃越少,人越过越穷。
b哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导每一个时代的具体科学的发展,总是受到这个时代哲学思想的影响和支配。任何一个科学家都有自己的哲学信仰,都用一定的哲学世界观来指导自己的研究。缺乏正确的世界观和方法论的指导,就会在研究中失去正确方向,甚至陷入混乱和失败。【举例】牛顿晚年误入歧途牛顿早年在自发的唯物主义世界观的指导下,发现了万有引力定律,谱写了人类物理史上的辉煌篇章。他谦虚地说,他是站在巨人们的肩膀上,拾取了知识大海里一个晶莹美丽的贝壳。但在他的后半生,居然虔诚地投入上帝地怀抱,用25年的时间研究神学,写了100多万字有关神学和宗教的书稿。牛顿是一个虔诚的宗教信徒,自幼受到信奉上帝的教育,这对他的世界观影响极深,加之他所处的时代是形而上学统治自然科学的时代,在错误的世界观的支配下,他将解释不了的现象求助于上帝,如“从上帝那里去寻找行星围绕太阳公转的第一推动力”,结果一事无成。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
4、【自主探究】巴山夜雨的成因③材料三:三国时期,诸葛亮于农历6月的一天,在葫芦峪设下伏兵,打算用火攻全歼司马懿。这一天,晴空万里暑热难耐,真乃火攻之良机。诸葛亮依计将司马懿之众诱入谷中……然而,正当大火冲天,司马懿全军行将覆灭之时,一场大雨不期而至,大雨浇灭了诸葛亮扶汉反魏的壮志,使他喊出了“谋事在人,成事在天,不可强也”的千古悲歌。【设计理念】前后呼应,发散思维。通过自主探究,学生各抒己见,完成对热力环流整个知识框架的一个总结,既考查了学生的课堂学习效果,又锻炼了学生知识的迁移能力,并认识生活中的地理规律,用生动的语言拉近学生与大气理性知识的距离,体会到地理学科的重要性。【提问】如果将白天换成夏季,将夜间换成冬季,情况又会怎样?城市与郊区之间也存在着热力环流——城市风,它们是怎样形成的?了解城市风的出现有何重要意义?如果地球上在赤道和两极之间存在热力环流,这个热力环流应该怎样?这几个问题,请大家课后慢慢思考。
(一)教材的地位与作用本节主要阐述太阳辐射和太阳活动对地球的影响。太阳辐射对地球的影响主要是从太阳为地球提供能量这个方面来阐述,通过图片的形式从四个方面来分析。不应让学生记忆这四个方面,需要归纳为:(1)直接或间接(化石燃料)为地球提供大部分能量。(2)维持四大圈层物质循环和能量交换,决定地理环境的基本特征。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.阐述太阳对地球的影响。太阳对地球的影响,包括太阳辐射对地球的影响和太阳活动对地球的影响。2.太阳辐射的概念、来源、波长等只作一般了解;太阳活动对地球影像是通过作用气候、地球电离层和磁场而发生的,主要包括磁暴、无线电短波通讯被干扰、极光和气候异常等。3.教材涉及太阳活动的概念、标志和周期需要明确,而太阳大气分层及对应太阳活动现象只作一般了解。
(一)教材的地位与作用教材的第一部分就从地质作用的能量来源的角度,讲述了内力作用和外力作用及其表现形式;又以地质作用不同的表现形式,来说明了激烈迅速的地质作用和极其缓慢的地质作用,从而使学生理解地表形态的变化及这种变化的时间尺度。第二部分,从三大类岩石的相互转变入手,图文结合,阐明了在内外力作用的参与下地壳物质循环的过程及其地理意义,该部分内容可以看作是全课教材的小结。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1、结合实例,说明内力作用的能量来源及其表现形式,理解地壳运动是塑造地表形态的主要作用方式。2、说明外力作用的四种形式及其相互关系,尝试识别外力作用形成的不同地貌。3、会用图文资料说明地壳物质循环的过程及其产生循环的物质基础——三大类岩石的转化过程。4、培养学生运用地理图表分析归纳的能力,培养学生与其它同学交流、表达的能力。
学生已学习水循环和岩石圈物质循环,对地理环境要素有初步的认识,对物质迁移和能量的交换有一定的了解,已具备基本的地理阅读分析、提取信息的能力。但学生还缺乏综合分析问题解决问题的能力,通过案例来帮助学生对自然地理环境整体性的认识,还需要补充光合作用、分解作用等知识,并进一步培养学生综合分析地理问题的能力。三、说教法案例教学、启发式讲授四、说学法学生原有的地理基础知识不扎实,学习地理方法简单;但学生思维活跃,有强烈的求知欲,所以在学习的过程中,老师应充分利用这一点,调动学生的积极性,激发学生的学习兴趣。学案导学法;合作探究法;案例分析法等,自主学习、合作学习,培养学生的主动学习的能力、团队精神,增强学习效果;体会自然地理环境的整体性和复杂性,将学习目标内化到行动上。
知识和技能 1、理解自然地理环境整体性的基本内涵。2、了解自然地理环境整体性的表现3、使学生树立普遍联系的观点,再利用和改造自然中要充分考虑各地理要素的关系,避免“牵一发而动全身”。过程与方法 1、自主学习,分析 讨论法。2、探究与活动, 理解地理环境的整体性。3、利用景观 图片分析地理环境的整体性。情感、态度与价值观帮助学生树立事物是普遍联系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到统筹考虑。教学 重点1、地理环境整体性的原因。2、地理要素间相互作用产生新功能。3、自然地理环境的演化过程具有统一性。4、自然地理环境要素会“牵一发而动全身”。教学 难点地理要素间相互作用产生新功能;自然地理环境具有同一演化过 程。教具、资料多媒体课件、景观图片课时安排