(2)由来:《黄帝内经》是我国古典医籍中现存最早的一部医学,在整个中医的发展过程起着重要的作用。该书中阐述的理论,一直以来指导着整个中医学术的发展,是学习中医不可缺少的一部经典读物,也是现代中医院学生学习中医时必读的医书。顾名思义,“内经”是讲内科方面的疾病,据《隋书.艺文志》记载,除了有《黄帝内经》外,还有一本《黄帝外经》。这两本书是姊妹篇。看来,《黄帝内经》是针对《黄帝外经》说的。2、《伤寒杂病论》:集大成的中医专著、“万世宝典”(1)作者:东汉张仲景(2)内容:全书分为“伤寒”和“杂病”两大部分,(3)地位:创造性地提出辩证施治的方法,奠定了后世中医临床学的理论基础,被后世医家誉为“万世宝典”。3、《本草纲目》:“东方药物巨典”(1)作者:明朝李时珍(2)内容:记录各类药物1892种、药方一万多个,还绘制了一千多幅药物形态图。(3)地位:这部重要的中药学著作,是对16世纪以前中药学的系统总结,被称为“东方药物宝典”。
思考:1)材料1、2反映了一个什么样的严重问题?(饥饿和粮食问题)2)材料3中,中国农民为什么那样说?(邓小平在全国实行的以家庭联产承包责任制为主要形式的责任制调动了农民生产的积极性,解放了农村生产力,推动了农业的发展;袁隆平的杂交水稻提高了水稻产量,增加了农民的收入,解决了农民的吃饭问题)3)据以上材料指出,袁隆平研究的交水稻有何重大意义?(杂交稻不仅解决了中国人的吃饭问题;而且其在世界范围的推广,也有助于解决世界性的饥饿问题)四、计算机技术与生物技术的发展1、20世纪50年代,我国开始了计算机的研制工作;2、1983年,我国成功研制出巨型计算机“银河-Ⅰ号”,加速了国家信息化的发展;3、1965年,中国首次人工合成结晶牛胰岛素(在世界上第一次用人工方法合成出具有生物活性的蛋白质——结晶牛胰岛素) 。4、积极参与人类基因的研究(唯一的发展中国家)。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我们知道在描述太空探索时,动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的,还可以用来作定语,表修饰。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【课标要求】以某流域为例,分析该流域开发的地理条件。【课标解读】以田纳西河流域为实例,从流域位置、自然环境、自然资源、人口、社会经济基础等方面,分析该流域开发的地理条件。【学习目标】1、读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的位置、气候、水文、地貌、自然资源等自然条件。2、阅读课文分析田纳西河流域的人口、社会经济基础等社会经济条件。【教学重点】读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的位置、气候、水文、地貌、自然资源等自然条件【教学难点】读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的气候、水文条件【教学资源】田纳西河流域的位置图、流域图、 世界气候类型分布图、沿河剖面图、矿产资源分布图
战国阴阳五行家邹衍认为,历史中的朝代更替是由于五德运行产生的影响。按照邹衍的学说,每个朝代必须与五德之一相连,因此,这个朝代就应当遵循这五德之一的要求来运转。董仲舒修改了这个理论,认为朝代的更替不是依循五德运行的顺序,而是依循“三统”,即黑统、白统、赤统的顺序。他在《三代改制质文》中说:每个朝代都依循一统,每统又各有其为政的系统。按董仲舒的说法,夏朝代表黑统,商朝代表白统;周朝则是赤统。夏、商、周三朝完成了这一历史循环。之后,历史又开始一次新的循环,新的朝代又应当代表黑统。继承周朝统治的既不是秦朝,也不是汉朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,创立了黑统。孔子所受天命,不是一种“法统”,而是一种“道统”。董仲舒说:“《春秋》大一统者,天地之常经,古今之通谊也。今师异道,人异论,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一统;法制数变,下不知所守。臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科孔子之术者,皆绝其道,勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息,然后统纪可一而法度可明,民知所从矣。”
乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一带很有名气的“三庆”徽戏班,来到北京演出。徽戏在北京经常和其他剧种同台演出,注意吸收和借鉴他们的长处。尤其是与以唱二黄调和西皮调为主的汉戏的合演,逐渐形成了二黄与西皮的合流,形成了“徽汉合流”的局面,后来徽剧又吸收其他民间曲调的唱腔、剧目和表演方式,逐渐形成以“皮黄”为主要声腔的京剧。到1840年左右,京剧的唱腔、念白、剧本和表演已经成熟,尤其是出现了以演“京戏”为主的一批演员,他们不再以徽戏、汉戏为名,而以演“京戏”自居。从此,诞生了一个独立的剧种──京剧。2、京剧的发展早期的京剧以迷人的唱腔、丰富的剧目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了观众,使京城出现了京剧热。同治、光绪年间,京剧已经被京城市民承认,成为人们最喜爱的舞台艺术。并涌现出著名的“同光十三绝”。
4、维新思想推动下的变法运动虽然失败了。但这是中国近代真正意义上的一次思想解放潮流,为什么?展开:维新派提倡西学,兴民权,对封建专制制度和传统观念进行了冲击,促进了中国人民的觉醒,为资产阶级民主思想的传播奠定了基础,具有思想解放的启蒙作用。是一次救亡图存的爱国运动,也是一次发展资本主义的改革运动;他们提倡资产阶级新学,批判封建主义旧学,引导人们重新认识世界,他们痛感民族危机的严重,号召人们奋起救国,谋求国家的独立富强;给古老的中国社会注入的活力是不可低估的,站在历史长河的高度看,由传统农耕社会向近代工业社会转变是一股不可抗拒的历史潮流,尽管它在19世纪末的中国遭到了暂时挫折,但对清朝的封建专制统治却是一次巨大的强烈的冲击波,它留下的痕迹是永不磨灭的,是永远鼓舞与启迪后人的。
设问:你怎么看待这个问题的?(这是达尔文没有想到的,是有人利用了达尔文的学说,科学应该与其区分开来,但是科学家在研究时,既要做到为追求真理不断探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我们只有以人为本,才能找到解决当今社会面临的诸如环保、战争、饥荒等问题的途径,才能构建防止核物理技术、克隆技术、信息技术、生物技术、太空技术等可能对人类造成不可逆转的破坏作用的思想基础、决策机制和社会条件。更重要的是社会和国家应该对此有足够的认识,正因为此,所以现在当一项科学发明出台后,就会有一些法律出台,限制其可能的非人道用途。但是这些影响应不成为我们进行科学探究的阻碍。)(3)科学与宗教的斗争设计意图:再次引导学生认识,科学的探索永无止境,同时也再次认识宗教和科学理论产生的原因。材料1:1972年,美国加利福尼亚教育部竟明文规定,中学生物学课本除进化论外,必须还有神创论的内容,而且两者的页数要各占一半。
局限性:新三民主义在理论上、纲领上仍然没有超出资产阶级民主主义的范畴。且与中共民主革命纲领有着原则的区别。与中共革命纲领相比,新三民主义缺少的内容:八小时工作制、彻底实现人民的权利、社会主义。教学小结:(以问题代小结)(1)本课内容涉及孙中山先生一生两次重要的转变。你知道是哪两次吗?在学生讨论的基础上,教师总结:孙中山先生一生有两次重要的转变,第一次是放弃改良而走向革命道路;第二次是在他领导的一系列资产阶级革命活动失败后,接受苏俄和中共的帮助,把旧三民主义发展成为新三民主义,实行“联俄、联共、扶助农工”三大政策,实现了他一生中最伟大的转变。(2)孙中山先生的这两次转变说明了什么?这一问题可以让学生各抒己见,但教师总结时一定要紧扣孙中山先生与时俱进,为民族革命贡献毕生精力的高贵品质。